MTC 1140 week 2
A trigger point that causes pain even when the client is at rest and not received stimulation through palpation of the point.
Active
A trigger point that is activated because of key trigger points in a referred zone or in an overloaded synergistic muscle in which the key trigger point is located.
Satellite
A trigger point that causes pain when it is palpated, butis not recognized by the client as a primary cause of their pain or limited ROM.
Latent
The study of human body movement.
Kinesiology
Lateral projections on each side of the vertebra.
Transverse process
Vertical through between the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae that accommodate the transverospinialis and erector spinae muscle.
Lamina groove
A broad, flat sheet of connective tissue found in the abdominal region.
Abdominal aponeurosis
The paraspinals include what other muscle groups?
Transversospinalis and Erector spinae
Name the muscles that make up the transversospinalis group from deepest to most superficial.
Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores
Which action do all the muscles of the erector spinae group perform?
Extension
Which muscle is called the "hip hiker" muscle?
Quadratus Lumborum
How many vertebrae are in the Cervical region of the spine?
7
How many vertebrae are in the Thoracic region of the spine?
12
How many vertebrae are in the Lumbar region of the spine?
5
How many vertebrae are in the Sacral region of the spine?
5
How many vertebrae are in the Coccyx region of the spine?
4
What are the reasons for the tendinous intersections in the rectus abdominal?
Increases its strength and effeciency
What is the name of the joint between the skull and C1?
Atlanta-occiptal articulation
List the abdominal muscles from most superficial to deep:
External obliques, Internal obliques, Transverse abdominis
When the posterior cervical area is palpated, what is the fibrous structure that you can feel?
nuchal ligament
The axial portion of the skeleton includes what areas of the body?
Head, Neck, Chest, Abdomen
The costal angle is located on which bone?
Ribs
Which muscles are located between the ribs?
Internal intercostals
In the lumbar region, the erectors lie deep to what connective tissue structure?
Thoracocolumbar oponeurosis
What is the primary muscle of respiration?
Diaphragm
To reduce the head forward posture, what muscles need to be lengthened?
Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes
What areas of the spine have a lordotic curve?
Cervicle, Lumbar
What is the most common symptom of developing hyperkyphosis?
pain between the scapulae
Self-care to reduce the signs and symptoms of hyperkyphosis include strengthening what muscles?
Erector spinae, Rhomboids, Trapezius
Self-care to reduce the signs and symptoms of hyperkyphosis include stretching what muscles?
Pectoralis major and minor
With hyperkyphosis, active external rotation of the shoulder may be restricted due to all but?
hypertonic cervical extensors
With internally rotated shoulders, all but which of the following structures are likely to be adhered and hypertonic:
Brachioradialis
Trigger points in muscle and fascia are called:
Myofascial trigger points
Compressing a nerve deactivates trigger points in the muscles it innervates. True or False
False
Which edge of the quadratus lumborum is accessible from the lateral side of the torso?
Lateral edge
When is it best to move your fingers as you curl them underneath the rib cage to feel the diaphragm?
During exhalation
If a massage stroke accidentally nicks the clients spine, the therapist was likely working what muscle?
Spinalis
Although the entire rib cage is deep to muscle tissue, which portion is most superfical?
Along the of the trunk
With hyperkyphosis, passive flexion of the cervical spine may be restricted due to what?
Weak cervical extensors
Which of the following characteristics is not commonly associated with hyperkyphosis?
flexion of the cervical spine
The basic goals of treating trigger points includes all but which of the following?
Strengthening compensating structure
To contract the lower fibers of the erector spinae group from prone position, you could ask your partner to perform what action?
Raise and lower his feet slightly
What could you ask your partner to do so you can differentiate between the quadratus lumborum and erector spinae?
Hike up your hip
What is the insertion of the serratus posterior inferior?
Ribs 9 to 12 posterior surface
Which muscle can be outlined by finding the spinous process of C2, the transverse processes of C1 and the space between the superior nuchal line and C2?
Suboccipitals
Which movement of the head and neck would lengthen the fibers of the oblique capitis inferior on the right side of the body?
Rotation to the left
As a group, the transversospinalesmuscle can be most easily located in which area of the thorax?
Lamina groove of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Which movement of the the vertebrae column will shorten the fibers of the semispinalis capitis on the right side of the body?
Extension
Openings created between adjacent vertebrae and allows passage of spinal nerves and blood vessels:
Intervertebral Foramen
________is a caused primarily by soft tissue dysfunction and postural deviations that result from an injury or activities of daily living.
Functional postural imbalance
During treatment, with the client supine, encourage retraction of the scapula by placing a bolster_______
under the thoracic spine
The primary contributing factor to functional thoracic hyperkyphosis is_______
poor posture
________ describes imbalance and dysfunction of the agonist and antagonist that move and support the thorax.
Upper cross syndrome
With the thorax flexed, movement of the ______is restricted, which may cause ______.
ribcage, shallow breathing
If the ______are not lengthenes, the rhomboids and middle trapezius can become weak and easily fatifued by attempting to oppse protraction of the scapula.
Pectorals
The two kyphotic curves of the spine, ______,______are posteriorly
Thoracic, Pelvic
Trigger points refer pain to a location distant from the nodule______.
In perdictable patterns
Trigger points are frequently found______.
At the neuromuscular junction
Dysfunction produces______in the affected muscle fibers, creating the knot we call a trigger point.
a sustained contraction
______fells like a wuick flutter of the muscle fibers and is often used as a diagnostic criterion for assessing trigger points.
Twitch response
______is a primary contributing factor to the development of trigger points.
Mechanical overload
Chilling a muscle may______a triger point.
Activate
Place the muscle in a ______postion when palpating for trigger points.
comfortable lengthened
A______fells something like a guitar string that rollls under your fingers when you strum across it using pressure
Taut band
if a trigger point is______, applying pressure to it will cause a sensation that resembles the pain a client experiences during activities of daily living.
active
Strumming or compressing a trigger point may______.
Cause pain at the upper end of the clients tolerance
As a trigger point is deactivated, ______will diminish
The reffered pain
Treating aggressivly or attempting to resolve several trigger points in one session may cause______.
Kick-back pain
Bone fusions, bone spurs, fractures, osteoporsis, and degenerative disc disease are a few of the possible contributing factors to______.
Structural postural imbalance
Trigger points can cause dilation or constriction of blood vessels, changes in local temperature, sweating, goose bumps, and production of tears and or salive, True or False
True
Manual therapy is likely to reverse the dysfunction caused by a structural postural imbalance. True or False
False
Poor eyesight and hearing may contribute to developing hyperkyphosis. True or False
True
Passive rotation of the vertebral column to the same side would do what to the external obliques?
lengthen
Compression of the abdominal contents would do what to the muscle fibers of the transverse abdominis?
Shorten
Drawing thr ventral part of the ribs upward would do what to the muscle fibers of the external obliques?
Shorten
Passive rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side would do what to the muscle fibers of the internal obliques?
Lengthen
Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity would do what to the diaphragm's fibers?
Shorten
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, origins:
Posterior tubercle of C1
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, insertion
Medial inferior nuchal line
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, action
Extends the head
Splenius Capits, origins
Nuchal ligamnt, Spinous processes of C7-T4
Splenius Capitis, insertions
Mastoid process, superior nuchal line-lateral region
Splenius Capitis, Actions
Rotates the head, laterally flexes the neck, extends the head
Iliocoatalis, origins
Posterior iliac crest, posterior sacrum, Ribs 3-12
Iliocostalis, insertion
Ribs 1-12, transverse processes of C4-C7
Iliocostals, actions
laterally flexes the vertebral column, extends the vertebral column
Oblique Capitis Inferior, origins
Spinous process of C2
Oblique Capitis Inferior, insertions
Transverse process of C1
Oblique Capitis Inferior, actions
Rotates the head
Quadratus lumborum, origins
Posterior iliac crest
Quadratus lumborum, insertions
Rib 12, Transverse processes
Quadratus Lumborum, actions
Laterally flexes the vertebral column, elevates the hip, extends the lumbar spine, anteriorly tilts the pelvis
External obliques, origins
Anterior iliac crest, abdominal fascis or aponeurosis, pubic crest
External obliques, insertion
ribs 5-12
External Obliques, actions
Laterally flexes the vertebral column, rotates the vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents, posteriorly tilts the pelvis
Internal Obliques, origins
Iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament
Internal Obliques, insertion
Ribs 9-12
Internal Obliques, actions
Laterally flexes the vertebral column, rotates the vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents, posteriorly tilts the pelvis
Multifidus, origins
Transverse process of one vertebral segment
Multifidus, insertions
Spinous processes of the second, third, and fourth vertebral segment above