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Fungi- Biodiversity

What are the Fungi Kingdom characteristics

There are 120,000 species
They have a cell wall made of chitin

They are hetertrophic so they absorb their nutrienst due to having no chlorophyll

Grow via Hyphae amd reprodice via spores

Can be saprophytic ( feed on dead tissue) or Parasitic ( fedd on living material )

Where do Fungi come from

Have a single celled flagellated aquatic ansector
Also from Choanoflagellates that are the sister group to animals

Fungi more related to animals than plants are

Describe the fungal structure

A Hyphae of seperate fungi are divided into cells
Cells can be dikaryotic

The Hyphae of coenpcytic fungi lack cross walls

Parasitic fungi can have specialised structures calls haustoria

How do fungi reproduce

Via the dispersal of Spores
These spores are hapolid of varying sizes and are produced either sexually or asexually

They are dispersed by wind or water

Germinate in moist places with necessary substrates

Chytridiomyocata phyla

1000 species
Flagella retained in zoospores

Single celled or Coenocytic

Saprophytic or parasitic

Causing the global wave of amphibain extinction- 100% mortality

Caused 200 species to go exstinct already

Zygomycota

1000 species
They have dicaryotic zygosporangia

Feed on soil or decaying matter

The hyphae are coencocytic

Spetae in reprpoducitve hyphae

Example is bread mould

Glomeromycota

250 species
Have a symbitoic relationship with plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizae

Plant benefit from gtetting soild minerals

Fungus benefit due to getting carbohrdate from plants

Asomycota

65,000 species
They have septate hyphae

Asexual reproduction via conidia

Acospores (8 of them ) in ascin

Basidiomycota

30,000 species
They have septate hyphae

Basidiosprores 4 of them on top of the basidium

Most common sexual reproduction

What are mycorrhizae

There is a symbiotic relaitionship between plant and fungi
Plant benefit due to gain nitrates and a larger suarcae area

Fungus benefit due to gain carbohydrate from the plant in retun for nutrients

What is Yeast

Is a growth form and placed in ascomyocta and Basiodiomycota
Single cells evolved from multicellular anscestor

Reprodcution by budding or sexual spores

Parasitic Fungi

Get their nutrients from living cells

What are microsporidia

Highly specialised fungi
Intracellular parasites of animals

Have unique spores

What are lichens

A symbiosis between green algae and fungus after many evolution steps
Algae provide nutrients and fungus give an envrionement

Reproduce via frgament and soredia

Has different traits than normal fungus

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