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PSYCH*1000 health stress and coping

body mass index (BMI)

a statistic commonly used for estimating a healthy body weight given an individuals height.

Set point

a hypothesized mechanism that serves to maintain body weight around a physiologically programmed level.

Social resilience

the ability to keep positive relationships and to endure and recover from social isolation and life stressors.

Social contagion

the often subtle, unintentional spreading of a behaviour as a result of social interactions.

Stress

is a psychological and physiological reaction that occurs when perceived demands exceed existing resources to meet those demands

Appraisal

refers to the cognitive act of assessing and evaluating the potential threat and demands of an event

Individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF)

a range of emotional intensity in which an individual is most likely to perform at their best

Fight-or-flight response

a set of physiological changes that occur in response to psychological or physical threats.

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

a theory of stress responses involving stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

a neural and endocrine circuit that provides communication between the nervous system (the hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary and adrenal glands).

Cortisol

a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex( the outer part of the adrenal gland) that prepares the body to respond to stressful circumstances.

Oxytocin

a hormone involved in reproduction, childbirth, and social bonding

Psychoneuroimmunology

is the study of this relationship between immune system and nervous system functioning.

Coronary heart disease

a condition in which plaques form in the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood and oxygen, resulting in restricted blood flow.

Type A personality

describes people who tend to be impatient and worry about time, and are easily angered, competitive and highly motivated

Type B personality

describes people who are more laid back and characterized by a patient, easy-going and relaxed disposition.

coping

refers to the processes used to manage demands, stress, and conflict.

Positive psychology

uses scientific methods to study human strengths and potential.

Optimism

the tendency to have a favourable, constructive view on situations and to expect positive outcomes

Pessimism

is the tendency to have a negative perception of life and expect negative outcomes

Pessimistic explanatory style

which is the tendency to interpret and explain negative events as internally based and as a constant stable quality

Negative affectivity

the tendency to respond to problems with a pattern of anxiety, hostility, anger, guilt or nervousness.

Resilience

the ability to affectively recover from illness or adversity

Post-traumatic growth

the capacity to grow and experience long-term positive effects in response to negative events.

Meditation

is any procedure that involves a shift in consciousness to a state in which an individual is highly focused, aware and in control of mental processes.

Mindfulness

based stress reduction (MBSR)- is a structured relaxation program based on elements of mindfulness meditation.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

a protein in the nervous system that promotes survival, growth, and the formation of a new synapses.

Learned helplessness

an acquired suppression of avoidance or escape behaviour in response to unpleasant, uncontrollable circumstances

Compensatory control

psychological strategies people use to preserve a sense of non-random order when personal control is compromised.

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