microbiology week 6
what is microbiome
microbiome is a dynamic balance that reponds to and is influenced by you environment (age relationship or past influences the present)
where microorganisms naturally live in the human body
imbalance in the microbiota of the GI tract is called
dysbiosis
dysbiosis can cause several diseases in infants like.....
asthma
crohn's disease
inflammatory bowel disease
type 1 diabetes
what is the intial colonisers of the infant Gut
E.coli and streptococci
which method of birth delivery is better for the health of the infant? and why
vaginal dilevery as Some immune/allergic diseases and infection are greater after CS delivery
the vaginal fluid gives the newborn a immune system
how can the breastfeeding protects againt the health risk
Through the presence of immunoglobulins, cytokines, growth factors and microbiologic factors
contain antimicrobial factors like lysosyme and lactoferrin Human milk has a lower buffering capacity which allows:
-Allow the gut content to acidify more easily
-Inhibitory effect on growth of clostridia sp and Bacteroides sp.
what is the impact of the low buffer capacity of the human milk on the infant?
-Allow the gut content to acidify more easily
-Inhibitory effect on growth of clostridia sp and Bacteroides sp.
what are the comonents of the breat milk
Immunoglobulins
Cytokines
Growth factors
lipids
Proteins
Human milk oligosaccharides
(HMOs)
probiotics
immunoglobulins
revent pathogens from entering systemic circulation and binding to epithelial surfaces
Cytokines
Anti-inflammatory an immunosuppressive agent.
Growth factors
Modulate metabolic system development (digestive, nervous, etc)
lipids
Participate in nervous system and gastrointestinal development provide protection against enteric infection.
Proteins
Nutrition, nutrient absorption, antimicrobial activity, gut and immune system development.
Human milk oligosaccharides
(HMOs)
Prebiotics, anti-adhesive, antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.
probiotics
Consistent wav of commensal and symbiotic organisms
what is the benefits of the earlier exposure to animals?
Early exposure to animals is associated with higher immunity and lower prevalence of allergy and asthma
what is the 3 stages of gut microbiome development in TEDDY STUDIES
1. developmental phase (3–14 months of age)
2. transitional phase (15–30 months of age)
3. stable phase (31–46 months of age)
increased bacteroids is associated with....
with reduced levels of
short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria.
change in microbiota associated with advancing age can....
can contribute to increased susceptibility to disease and infection
what are the charactrestics of the skin
dry, acidic, saline and aerobic
describe the git tract microbiome
highly diverse environment
highly diverse normal flora
what are the functions of the intestinal flora
protective functions
stuctural functions
metabolic functions
what is healthy gut microbiome
Enriches in bacteria able to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) Bifidobacterium, lactobacillus
SCFAS promote
• Intestinal integrity
• Energy homeostasis via absorption by epithelia cells
• Induction of regulatory T cells (reduce inflammation)
• Control glucose homeostasis
• Management of immunological compounds
Define the three enterotypes associated with the gut microbiome.
Type 1 – higher levels of bacteroidetes
Type 2 – prevotella dominated
Type 3 – high levels of ruminococcu