microbiome is a dynamic balance that reponds to and is influenced by you environment (age relationship or past influences the present)
where microorganisms naturally live in the human body
dysbiosis
asthma
crohn's disease
inflammatory bowel disease
type 1 diabetes
E.coli and streptococci
vaginal dilevery as Some immune/allergic diseases and infection are greater after CS delivery
the vaginal fluid gives the newborn a immune system
Through the presence of immunoglobulins, cytokines, growth factors and microbiologic factors
contain antimicrobial factors like lysosyme and lactoferrin Human milk has a lower buffering capacity which allows:
-Allow the gut content to acidify more easily
-Inhibitory effect on growth of clostridia sp and Bacteroides sp.
-Allow the gut content to acidify more easily
-Inhibitory effect on growth of clostridia sp and Bacteroides sp.
Immunoglobulins
Cytokines
Growth factors
lipids
Proteins
Human milk oligosaccharides
(HMOs)
probiotics
revent pathogens from entering systemic circulation and binding to epithelial surfaces
Anti-inflammatory an immunosuppressive agent.
Modulate metabolic system development (digestive, nervous, etc)
Participate in nervous system and gastrointestinal development provide protection against enteric infection.
Nutrition, nutrient absorption, antimicrobial activity, gut and immune system development.
Prebiotics, anti-adhesive, antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.
Consistent wav of commensal and symbiotic organisms
Early exposure to animals is associated with higher immunity and lower prevalence of allergy and asthma
1. developmental phase (3–14 months of age)
2. transitional phase (15–30 months of age)
3. stable phase (31–46 months of age)
with reduced levels of
short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria.
can contribute to increased susceptibility to disease and infection
dry, acidic, saline and aerobic
highly diverse environment
highly diverse normal flora
protective functions
stuctural functions
metabolic functions
Enriches in bacteria able to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) Bifidobacterium, lactobacillus
• Intestinal integrity
• Energy homeostasis via absorption by epithelia cells
• Induction of regulatory T cells (reduce inflammation)
• Control glucose homeostasis
• Management of immunological compounds
Type 1 – higher levels of bacteroidetes
Type 2 – prevotella dominated
Type 3 – high levels of ruminococcu