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microbiology week 6

what is microbiome

microbiome is a dynamic balance that reponds to and is influenced by you environment (age relationship or past influences the present)
where microorganisms naturally live in the human body

imbalance in the microbiota of the GI tract is called

dysbiosis

dysbiosis can cause several diseases in infants like.....

asthma
crohn's disease

inflammatory bowel disease

type 1 diabetes

what is the intial colonisers of the infant Gut

E.coli and streptococci

which method of birth delivery is better for the health of the infant? and why

vaginal dilevery as Some immune/allergic diseases and infection are greater after CS delivery
the vaginal fluid gives the newborn a immune system

how can the breastfeeding protects againt the health risk

Through the presence of immunoglobulins, cytokines, growth factors and microbiologic factors
contain antimicrobial factors like lysosyme and lactoferrin Human milk has a lower buffering capacity which allows:

-Allow the gut content to acidify more easily

-Inhibitory effect on growth of clostridia sp and Bacteroides sp.

what is the impact of the low buffer capacity of the human milk on the infant?

-Allow the gut content to acidify more easily
-Inhibitory effect on growth of clostridia sp and Bacteroides sp.

what are the comonents of the breat milk

Immunoglobulins
Cytokines

Growth factors

lipids

Proteins

Human milk oligosaccharides

(HMOs)

probiotics

immunoglobulins

revent pathogens from entering systemic circulation and binding to epithelial surfaces

Cytokines

Anti-inflammatory an immunosuppressive agent.

Growth factors

Modulate metabolic system development (digestive, nervous, etc)

lipids

Participate in nervous system and gastrointestinal development provide protection against enteric infection.

Proteins

Nutrition, nutrient absorption, antimicrobial activity, gut and immune system development.

Human milk oligosaccharides
(HMOs)

Prebiotics, anti-adhesive, antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.

probiotics

Consistent wav of commensal and symbiotic organisms

what is the benefits of the earlier exposure to animals?

Early exposure to animals is associated with higher immunity and lower prevalence of allergy and asthma

what is the 3 stages of gut microbiome development in TEDDY STUDIES

1. developmental phase (3–14 months of age)
2. transitional phase (15–30 months of age)

3. stable phase (31–46 months of age)

increased bacteroids is associated with....

with reduced levels of
short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria.

change in microbiota associated with advancing age can....

can contribute to increased susceptibility to disease and infection

what are the charactrestics of the skin

dry, acidic, saline and aerobic

describe the git tract microbiome

highly diverse environment
highly diverse normal flora

what are the functions of the intestinal flora

protective functions
stuctural functions

metabolic functions

what is healthy gut microbiome

Enriches in bacteria able to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) Bifidobacterium, lactobacillus

SCFAS promote

• Intestinal integrity
• Energy homeostasis via absorption by epithelia cells

• Induction of regulatory T cells (reduce inflammation)

• Control glucose homeostasis

• Management of immunological compounds

Define the three enterotypes associated with the gut microbiome.

Type 1 – higher levels of bacteroidetes
Type 2 – prevotella dominated

Type 3 – high levels of ruminococcu

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