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the great depression 1930s

name the 6 causes of the depression

1-overproducition and overexpansion
2-canadas dependency on a few primary products

3-canadas dependence on the US

4-high tariffs that choked off international trade

5-too much buying on credit

6-too much credit buying of stocks

was the stock market crash a cause of the depression

no it was a symptom

who were the knights of the road

-hoboes
-men (17-30) who crossed the country looking for work

-jumped on freight train boxcars

what were the jungles (hobo jungles)

-temporary camps beside railroad freight carriers property where hoboes lived while waiting to jump on trains

why did men become hoboes

-in search of work during the depression
-needed food, a better life

-farms weren't producing

-no money at home to support them

what were relief camps

-labour camps set up by government during the depression
-for young single men to work, get food, shelter, medical attention and a small payment (20 cents a day)

-under direction of defence department

-built roads, planted trees, built buildings and airfields

-set up by prime minister bennett

what were relief camps like

-lived in bunkhouses
-bad food

-boring (nothing to do if not working)

-bad facilities (bathrooms, showers)

-low pay (20 cents a day)

-worked 44 hour days

-anger and discontent

who created the relief camps

prime minister bennett

what was the problem with the relief camps

-low pay
-not meaningful work

-anger and discontent among men

name 3 new regional political parties that appeared during depression

-the canadian social credit party in Alberta (william aberhart)
-the union nationale in quebec (maurice duplessis)

-ccf canadian commonwealth federation (james woodsworth)

what were soup lines

-a method of feeding the neediest people
-often the only place someone could get something to eat (usually soup, a drink, maybe a piece of bread)

-run by charities, private companies and the government

-served thousands a day

who were the trekkers

-men from relief camps who were part of the on to ottawa trek

what was the on to ottawa trek june 1935

-a protest by unemployed men living in federal relief camps
-over a thousand left b.c. on boxcars heading for ottawa to demand higher wages and work

-picked up others as they crossed canada

-only made it as far as regina because of riot

who led the on to ottawa trek

arthur evans

what was the regina riot july 1 1935

-as number of protestors increased, federal government got worried
-sent in police in regina

-arrested leaders

-this started a riot

-eneded the on to ottawa trek

who were most disadvantaged in the 1930s (depression)

-rural canadians / farmers
-new canadian immigrants

-chinese in vancouver

-jewish people

-aboriginals

-women

why were rural people more disadvantaged than urban people in 1930s

-recieved less relief from government because could grow their own food
-often couldnt keep their farms because of drought/ infestations / lower trade etc.

why were new canadian immigrants disadvantaged in 1930s

-veiwed badly because took jobs
-many lost their jobs

-1935, many deported

why were chinese in vancouver disadvantaged in 1930'

-prejudice
-head tax first later not allowed to immigrate

-many didnt qualify for relief and starved

why were jewish people disadvantaged in the 1930s

-a lot of antisemitism (prejudice against jewish people)
-hard to get money because no one would employ them

-not allowed to join organizations

why were native canadians disadvantaged in the 1930s

-got alot less relief pay from government
-expected to live off land

-a lot of land was being taken

why were women disadvantaged in the 1930s

-hard to make money because if had job expected to give it up for men (unless domestic work)
-responsible for caring for kids and keeping family going with no money

-reused everything (clothes out of flour sacks)

-kept bees, gardens, really hard work

what are some ways people survived the depreesion years

-ate wild animals (gophers)
-wore clothes made from flour sacks

-reused repurposed everything

-ate what they had (potatoes and skim milk, soup lines)

-took odd jobs

-crossed canada looking for work

-went to relief camps

-stopped using their cars (hooked them up to horses)

-tried to live off the land

what was black tuesday

-oct 29, 1929 the stock market crashed, people lost all their money, companies went bankrupt

why were urban people more advantaged than rural in the 1930s

-received more relief
-access to soup lines

-but not great

-unumployed, no food, no money to buy coal to heat, homelessness

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