Africanna Studies: Medieval Ghana , Mali 🇲🇱 , & Songhai Civilizations II
Who banished Tuareg from Timbuktu in 1285 A.D. ?
Sakura , the Mansa
What did the Mossi State do to cause the downfall of Medieval Mali 🇲🇱?
The Mounted Cavalry of their ambushed and piratically raided the Southern Border .
How did the invading Fulani destroy Malian government ?
In the Eastern border , the Fulani's action was analogous to a coup d'etat by ousing the Mansa and installing the Immanate of Futa Toro.
Who sieged Niani, the Medieval Capital of Mali 🇲🇱?
The Songhai Empire
Founded by Ding Cisse of the Soninke Dynasty in the 8th Century C.E ( circa , 700 A.D. ) . By the 10th Century C.E , the successive Dynasty came under the Sissoe reign . The economy thrived from the quarried gold at Bambouk and Felame. The last Ghana as akin to the African Embrenche was Tenkamen ( reigned 1062 A.D. - 1076 A.D. ). Which African Empire is this ?
Medieval Ghana
An Assessment ; an imposition ; a Tax levy
Impost
A Ghanian titular designation for a King . He imposed impost and excise on both exports and imports . His unparalleled wealth was enhanced by the tributes and levies.
Ghana
Shackle ; Chain ; a Restraint used on the feet ; an hindrance. Context : On a scorching day , the caboceer ( slave catcher ) marshalled the forced march of fettered African from the Continental Interior to the littoral . Imagine the agony and horrir of them being shackled at feet and neck .
Fetter
An African Musical 🎼 instrument such as a percussionist Xylophone.
Balafon
What spearheaded the downfall and eclipses of Medieval Mali 🇲🇱?
Mossi States , Tuareg, & Fulani encroachment ; the Ethnically fierce dichotomy of Serer & Wolof ; and finally , Songhai Hegemonic Colonialism in sequential order .
He published , Sadat : The Man Who Changed Middle East. Answar Sadat was a product of Racial Amalgamation. His mother was a Negroid, cimmerian Sudanese and his father an Arab Egyptian.
George Sullivan
Circa Mid 11th Century C.E ( 1050 A.D. ) : The object of Ghana's conquest that facilitated its commercial trade market and religious proselytization to Islam ☪️. Subsequently , there was enhanced Mercantile relations with the Muslim nations after Medieval Ghana seized this venture .
Aoudaghost
The Capital of Medieval Ghana Sahelian Empire
Kumbi Saleh
The 11th Century C.E TransSaharan trade and Commerce had linkage of Aoudaghost with two pivotal regions as Trade routes: Tiaret and __?__ . Medieval Ghana ( Not the neoteric Ghana 🇬🇭 ) imposed imposts on both imports and exports. The Moroccan 🇲🇦 caravan imports embodied wheat, cereal , grains, fruits , salt , brass , opaline jewelry , pearls , and Mercer's exotic textiles . It regulated access to the Gold quarries at Bambouk & Felame as situated southeast of Kumbi Saleh. What is the other pivotal region of the Gold Mining industry and trade ?
Sijilmasa
Where did Medieval Ghana controlled its access to the quarried and mined Gold ? Both of them were located in the Southeast vicinity of Koumbi Saleh. They supplied the capital gains and profit as well as acquisitive wealth to the titular Ghana , the King .
Bambouk and Felame
A season in West Africa 🌍 that occurs between the seasonal months of November and March. It is characterized by desiccated and parch wind traveling in the northerly direction. "...dusty northeasterly
trade wind..." A route of travel wind emanating from Sahara to the Gulf of Guineas . 🇬🇳. The Cognate of this term is "...Haramata..." in the Twi Linguistics with mercurial and volatile temperature ( cold and hot) .b
Harmattan