mood disorders

what distinguishes mood from emotions?

mood has dimensions of valence & arousal, while emotions do not

which of the following is not a cognitive/behavioural symptom of depression

increased energy levels

what is the main diagnostic difference between a manic episode & hypomanic episode according to the dsm-5?

duration of elevated mood

which psychological therapt us often used to treat depressive episodes in BD & focuses on cognitive restructuring

cognitive behavioural therapy

what is the main difference between bipolar type 1 & type 2?

bipolar type 2 requires both hypomania & depression, while type 1 only requires mania & may/may not include depression

which is not a symptom described the dsm-5 of a depressive episode

muscle tension

which is not a common treatment approaxh for BD

exposure therapy

what is the primary characteristic of BD?

extreme mood swings between depression & mania

which of the following mood disorders is characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, hopessness & a lack of interest/pleasure in most activities

major depressive disorder

what are the 2 broad types of mood disorders?

those that involve only depressive disorders

those that involve manic symptoms

what is the term for slowed physical movements & responses often seen in individuals with depression?

psychomotor retardation

what happens to a person's sleep pattern during a manic episode?

they stop sleeping but remain incredibly energetic

what is they key feature that distinguishes cyclothymic disorder from other mood disorders?

alteration between mild symptoms of depression & mania

what are the primary neurotransmitters associated with mood disorders?

norepinephrine, dopamine & serotonin

which of the following is a function of the reuptake mechanism in the synapse

recapturing excess neurotransmitter

in individuals with current MDD, how does the amygdala react when shown negative words/pictures of sad & angry faces?

people with current MDD have a more intense reaction in the amygdala

what role does the striatum play in depression?

diminish activation in response to positive feedback

which personality disorder is characterised by a pervasive distrust & suspiciousness of others

paranoid

the 3 Ps of personality disorders include all except

predictable

which is not a symptom or depression

delusions

in depression, the term anhedonia refers to

loss of capacity to feel pleasure

what are the 2 distinguishing features between mania & hypomania?

severity & duration

which of the following is not a 'cluster' of symptoms experienced by people with depression

social/behaviour symptoms

which of the following is a cognitive symptom or depression

suicidal ideation

which of the following is a theory that helps to explain the factors of depressiom

diathesis-stress model

negative triad

which of the following is not a diagnostic difference between a manic & hypomanic episode

hypomanic episodes associated with functional consequences (eg. impairment), while manic episodes do not

which of the following is not true about electro-convulsive therapy (ECT)

it has the least effect on depression, compared to other treatments

which of the following treatments are not primarily used for depression

lithium

what is not a similarity between bipolar & depressive disorders?

rapid cycling

which of the following brain areas are not diminished in depression

amygdala

which of the following has the highest heritability estimates

BD

what is the role of the amygdala in depression?

help a person assess how emotionally important a stimulus is

cognitive risk factors of mood disorders are all of the following except

neuroticism

which is not 1 of the 6 universal emotions

contempt

true or false: men are 3x more likely than women to commit suicide

true

which teching focused intervention will have the greatest impact on reducing the risk of relapsing for a client diagnosed with bipolar disorder

role of family as support

w patient is taking Lithium for bipolar disorder

which organ is at highest risk for damage from this medication?

kidneys

a depressed client reports to a nurse a history of divorce, multiple job loss, family estrangement, and heroin abuse.

which theoretical principle best explains the etiology of this client's depressive symptoms?

according to learning theory, depression is a result of repeated failures

how does lithium help a BD patient

treat manic episodes

which of the following medications is approved for the treatment of depression in children and adolescents

fluoxetine (prozac)

how long must someone be exhibiting manic symptoms to be diagnosed with mania?

1 week