blood vessels, nerves, connective tissue
individual muscle cell
connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle cells (fibers)
a bundle of skeletal muscle fivers surrounded by perimysium
a connective tissue sheath that surrounds individual muscle fascicles
outer fibrous connective tissue wrapping surrounding (enclosed) fascicles
most superficial connective tissue sheath: continuous with epimysium
based on specific muscles appearance, size, or position
flexors, extensors, adductors, abductors, levators
take the cooperation of several individual muscles working as a group to perform the movement (action): roles of different muscles in a group
provide most force for given muscle action
usually opposite side of bones and joint where they meet, opposite action of agonist
aid agonists by supplying supplemental force, minimizing unwanted movement, helping stabilize joints
also provide stabilizing force that anchors bone, provides movement efficiency and protection from injury due to unnecessary movements
skeletal muscles begin and end at distinct anatomical locations
anchoring point on bone where skeletal muscle "originates from", typically not involved directly with movement of joint
moving end of muscle whose tendon attaches to bone or other structures, usually on far side of joint
3 components, load resistance, applied force that moves load, pivot point (fulcrum), changing configuration of these variables leads to lever classes
head, shoulder, forearm, pelvis/thigh, leg, facial, neck, thorax, abdomen
arm, forearm, leg, thigh, hip, shoulder, neck
occipitalis, epicranial aponeurosis, frontalis, orbicularis oculi, obicularis oris, platysma, zygomaticus minor and major, buccinator
temporalis, maseter
sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis
each eye has six muscles attached to outer surface, allowing for quick and accurate movements, directing our vision
superior, inferior, medial, lateral, named from straight line they take from origin to more anterior insertion
attach to eye at angle
critical for both locomotion and posture
group of muscles along vertebral column and posterior ribs, mostly powerful extensors of the spine, also lateral bending and rotation
most medially situated muscle group on either side of vertebral column
just lateral to spinalis group
most lateral group
large, deep muscle, allowing the vertebral column to extend and bend laterally
muscles grouped together by anatomical proximity, function, or both
diaphragm, internal intercostals, and external intercostals
rectus sheath, rectus abdominis, linea alba, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, external oblique
located under the obliques it is the deepest of the abdominal muscles and wraps around your spine for protection and stability
located under the external obliques, running in opposite direction
located on the side and front of the abdomen
located along the front of the abdomen, most well know abdominal muscle, "six pack"
shoulder muscle
large, superficial
smaller, more deep
lateral side of ribs, "serrated"
goes from the coracoid process, to the arm region down
looks like a trapezoid, neck and back muscle
superficial back muscle
elevate our scapulae, deep muscle
small, deep muscle, looks like a rhombus
large, deep muscle, looks like a rhombus
2 heads, superficial to brachialis
2 heads, deep to biceps brachii
underside of arm, three heads
runs from the brachii to the radius
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and major
flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
supinator
extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
lumbar vertebrae-> femur, part of lliopsoas
iliac crest -> femur, broad, part of the iliopsoas
superficial muscle
upper posterior butt muscle, lies under gluteus maximus
deep muscle, smaller
behind the gluteus maximus, runs diagonally from the lower spine to the upper surface of the femur
IT band, proximal anterolateral thigh
pubic bone to the femur
short, lateral
longer, lies in the middle
largest one, interior of thigh
interior of thigh, most medial
runs obliquely over the adductors and gracilis
lateral, long and short head
superficicial to semimenbranosus
deep to semitendinosus
most superficial
medial
lateral
deep to rectus femoris
medial
long, connects to the big toe
connects to digits, lateral
gastrocnemius
deep to gastrocnemius muscle
connects your calf muscle in the back of your low leg to the heel bone in your foot
runs down back of leg