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origins of digital computing

-earliest computing device
-first developed in Babylonia, over 5000 years ago and still used today in some parts of the world

-a "finger-powered pocket" calculator

Abacus

-used in science and engineering in 1600s until it was replaced in 1900s by pocket calculators
-manual calcultor

slide rule

mechanical calculators

since 1600s

-used punch cards to define complex patterns woven into textiles

jacquard loom (1801)

-piece of stiff paper with holes, where pressence or absence of holes in predefined positions to dictate the design of cloth.
-(later) digital data to be entered in computer was represented by the pressence o absence of holes in predefined positions(before the wide use of keyboard)

-later used to code computer programs

punch cards

-a restricted set of unambiguous instructions to solve a problem
-term is raised from the name of the 9th century mathematician Muhammed ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

algorithm

- invented in 1918
-was the most soohisticated code system of its day

-a priority for the Allies to break ( Germans believed was unbreakable)

-contributed to the electronic computing machines jn 1940s that helped decrypt German coded messages

Enigma machine

-the 1st electronic digital general purpose computer
-commissioned by the US army for computing ballistic firing tables

-noted for massive scale and redundant design

-decimal internal coding

-operational in 1946

-manual programming of boards, switches and funtion table/ not Von neumann architecture

-early computer programming was slow, tedious and repetitous

ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer

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