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OPTA 222 (ADHD)

Diagnosis

- Persistent symptoms for ≥ 6 months in ≥ 2 settings (e.g., school, home, church)
- Several symptoms of ADHD present prior to age 12

- Symptoms that are not better accounted for by a different psychiatric disorder (e.g., anxiety) and do not occur exclusively during a psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia)

- Several symptoms that significantly disrupt your functioning at work/school, with family, or socially

The three different types of ADHD include:

- Predominantly inattentive type

- Hyperactive-impulsive type; and

- Combined type

Your type of ADHD is then determined based on your most predominant symptoms.

Sign and Symptoms inattentive

- Overlook or miss details and make seemingly careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities
-Have difficulty sustaining attention during play or tasks, such as conversations, lectures, or lengthy reading

Not seem to listen when spoken to directly

- Find it hard to follow through on instructions or finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace, or may start tasks but lose focus and get easily sidetracked

- Have difficulty organizing tasks and activities, doing tasks in sequence, keeping materials and belongings in order, managing time, and meeting deadlines

- Avoid tasks that require sustained mental effort, such as homework, or for teens and older adults, preparing reports, completing forms, or reviewing lengthy papers

- Lose things necessary for tasks or activities, such as school supplies, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, and cell phones

- Be easily distracted by unrelated thoughts or stimuli

- Be forgetful in daily activities, such as chores, errands, returning calls, and keeping appointments

Signs and Symptoms Hyper active

- Fidget and squirm while seated
- Leave their seats in situations when staying seated is expected, such as in the classroom or the office

- Run, dash around, or climb at inappropriate times or, in teens and adults, often feel restless

- Be unable to play or engage in hobbies quietly

- Be constantly in motion or on the go, or act as if driven by a motor

- Talk excessively

- Answer questions before they are fully asked, finish other people’s sentences, or speak without waiting for a turn in a conversation

- Have difficulty waiting one’s turn

- Interrupt or intrude on others, for example in conversations, games, or activities

Diagnosable vs. Non-Diagnosable

Many of us show signs or symptoms of ADHD but what is the difference between someone who shows some signs or symptoms and someone who is diagnosed with ADHD?
- Symptoms cause an impairment in functioning

- Symptoms are more severe

- Symptoms occur more frequently

Risk Factors

The cause of ADHD is unknown, however, the following are considered risk factors:
- Genetic

- Cigarette, alcohol or drug exposure during pregnancy

- Exposure to environmental toxins during pregnancy

- Lead exposure at young age

- Brain injury

- Low birth weight

When is ADHD diagnosed?

- Can be diagnosed across the lifespan:Age dependent on clinician discretion
- If diagnosed in teens or adulthood, the person must have had symptoms prior to age 12

What are the possible negative effects on the live of those with ADHD?

- relationship problems
- school preformance

- impulsive

- focusing

- make decisions

Treatment

Medication: Decrease hyperactivity, increase attension
Behavior Therapy: imroving social skills, learning organization, learning sharing

TA Role

- Organization
- Parental skills

- Stress management

- Techniques for school (fidget toys etc.)

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