For Kat ^_^
What are the 3 factors that determine airflow?
diamater of bronchioles, pulmonary compliamce, surface tension of alveoli & distal bronchioles
Define alveolar ventilation
exchange between alveoli & the external environment
What is the difference between alveolar air and dead space air?
alveolar air = smaller
dead space = bigger + dilutes alveolar air during exhalation
What is average tidal volume?
the amount of air that moves in or out of lungs with each respiratory cycle (400-500 mL)
Define residual volume (RV)
the maximum volume of air remaining in the lungs after forceful expiration (1000-1200 mL)
What parameters make up total lung capacity? (TLC)
total volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual vol. (TV + IRV + ERV + RV = TLC)
What percentage of air should an adult be able to expire in 1 second?
80%
If an individual has 12 breaths per minutes and a volume of 400 cc per breath what is their minute volume?
4800 (TV x RR (400 x 12))
Define Boyle's Law
pressure of gas varies immensely as to volume
What is the difference between hyperventilation and hyperpnea?
hyperpnea = increased rate and depth of breathing
hyperventilation = increased pulminary ventilation in excess due to metabolic demand
Define apnea
temporary paused/stopped breathing (no airflow)
Why is the composition of alveolar air and inspired air different?
alveolar air = greater amt of co2 & less o2, warmer
inspired air = higher water vapor content, colder
Define load
load = pressure required to displace the respiratory system in order to generate flow & volume
Define unload
controlled ventilation where the ventilator is active while muscles are inactive
What is loaded and unloaded at the level of the tissue?
load = hemoglobin binds o2 to form oxyhemoglobin
unload = removal of oxygen from hemoglobin
Does any one gas influence the activity of another gas?
no (gases only collide. they do not interact)
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere?
159mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of oxygen at the level of the alveoli?
po2 = 104mm Hg
Why is there a difference between the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere and at the level of the alveoli?
1. air is "humidified" by contact with mucous membranes
2. freshly inspired air mixes with residual air from previous respiratory cycles
3. alveolar air exchanges o2 & co2 with the blood
How much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin?
98.5%
How much carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin?
23%