chapter 5 bio

what are the 3 sugar types

monosaccharides, disacharrides, polysacharrides

describe monosacharrides and give an example

single unit sugars eg glucose and fructose

describe disacharrides and give example

double unit sugars eg sucrose and plant sap

describe polysacharrides (say EVERYTHING)

polymers of monosacharrides, complex carbohydrates e.g starch, glycogen, cellulose.
starch n glycogen= storage
cellulose= structural

lipids characteristics

hydrophobic.
acts as boundary that surrounds and contains the aqueous contents of your cells.
some r signaling molecules e.g hormones.

types of lipids

fats and steroids

fats examples

animal fats (butter)
plant oils (olive oil, almond oil)

fats types

saturated (max amount of hydrogen molecules and no double bonds)
unsaturated (contains double bonded carbon atoms)

saturated fats GO

too much creates plaque in blood vessel and doesnt let the blood pass through the vessel to reach cell so cell dies which results in heart attack.

steroids

lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings.
signaling molecules.
cholestrol (precursor of signaling molecules)

protiens.

polymers constructed from a set of js 20 kinds of amino acids.
antibodies, hair and fur muscles, enzyme
structure determines function

denaturatio n

denaturation of a protien is when a change in the environmental factors, pH, temp or another quality of the environment causes a protien to unravel and lose its shape.

factors that impacy protiens shape

temp, environment, pH
side group bonds
sequence of amino acids

whats activation energy

start up energy for a reaction

whats substrate

reactant that attaches itself to an enzyme

active site

part of an enzyme in which the substrate is fitted

catalyst

compounds that speed reactions up without being used up themselves

enzymes

a recycable protien substance that speeds reactions up by lowering activation energy

how do enzymes lower activatoon energy

the actove site changes its shape slightly to fit the substrate better thus the tighter grip on the substrate from the active site weakens its bonds.
by accepting two substrates and holding them close by, the enzyme can catalyse the formation of larger molecules from smaller molecules

whats sucrase

an enzyme for the hydrolysis reaction of sucrose