Chemistry 2.3
What are the states of matter? and what are theyre basic properties?
Solid- holds its own shape, has a constant volume. Ex- wood
Liquid- takes the shape of its container, has constant volume. Ex- oil
Gas- Takes the shape and volume of its container, can be compressed. Ex- air
Plasma- Excellent conductor or electricity and has no fixed shape or volume.
What is Kinetic molecular theory of matter?
Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) is a scientific idea that explains how the tiny particles, like atoms and molecules, in matter are in constant motion and how their behavior changes with temperature and pressure.
Describe what the particles look like in a solid.
very close together.
Vibrate but do not move around.
Attract one another strongely in a rigid structure.
Particles in a liquid.
Very close together
Slip and slide past one another and revolve arohnd.
Attract one another, but less strongly than solid.
Particles in gas.
Very fat apart compared to their size
Move randomly and quickly in straight lines
Attraction to one another is effectively zero.
Melting
1. **Solid to Liquid:** KMT explains that when you heat a solid, the added energy makes its particles move more, causing them to break free from their fixed positions and turn into a liquid.
Vaporization
2. **Liquid to Gas:** KMT describes that as a liquid is heated, its particles gain more energy and move faster, eventually breaking free from their liquid form and becoming a gas.
Condensation
3. **Gas to Liquid:** KMT clarifies that when a gas cools down, its particles lose energy and slow down, causing them to come closer together and form a liquid.
Freezing
4. **Liquid to Solid:** KMT helps us understand that as a liquid loses heat, its particles slow down even more and lock into a solid structure.
Sublimation
Solid to Gas using Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT):
2. When you add heat (energy) to the solid, the particles gain kinetic energy and start vibrating more vigorously.
3. As the temperature rises, some particles gain enough kinetic energy to break the bonds that hold them in the solid structure.
Sublimation
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is when things spread out naturally from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It's like the way a pleasant smell from cooking can fill your whole house.
Thermal expansion
Thermal expansion is when things get bigger or expand when they get hot and get smaller or contract when they cool down. This happens because the particles inside the material move faster and spread out when it's hot, and they slow down and come closer together when it's cool.