African American History: Reconstruction
In 1877 A.D. , Georgia implemented this measure to impose a prohibitive imposition on all citizens wishing to cast a ballot . African Americans already serving as sharecroppers were indebted to the stealthy merchants' crop lien patronage .
Poll Tax
Several States beginning with Georgia who enacted this 1st Legislative measure ( 1877 ) disenfranchised African Americans. A majority of them were functionally illiterate. After Georgia , other states passed the similar intelligence test . The Georgia statute circumvented the 15th amendment that penalized States from denying franchise to people , "...on account of Race , color , or previous condition of servitude. ."
Literacy Test
Popularly called the Civil Rights cases . This case law overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1875 that its Congressional Statute integrated public accommodation This 1883 law was an overbreath of the 14th amendment. Its arguments held that ' private ' discriminatory behaviour id NOT subjected to Federal regulation . Its precedent furthered stated that its action is not within the purview of the Federal regulatory authority.
United States v. Stanley ( 1883 )
This 1883 A.D. Act endured the creation of the Civil Services Competitive examination on the basis of Meritocracy . It ended the tradition of the Spoilage system of Nepotism . It was passed during President Chester Arthur's administration.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
1890-1898 A D. : Its period of political suicide through Wholesale dismantling of Suffrage rights for African Americans in the South and its circumvention of the 15th Amendment.
Political Disfranchisement
In 1890 A D. , Mississippi became the first State to enact a law mandating Constitution Literacy as the condition of Suffrage eligibility . Prospective voters were required to demonstrate efficiency in reading comprehension and interpretation of the Constitution . Its Statutory provision circumvented the 15th Amendment.
Mississippi Statue : Constitution Literacy
In 1898 A.D. , Louisiana launched the 1st statute mandating for all prospective voters to vote under the condition that his Grandfather voted prior to 1867 . A lack of descent from voting Grandfathers prior to 1867 disqualified the voting applicants in both Primary and General Elections. Its enactment circumscribed African Americans suffrage on ground that a slave had no voting privileges . Conquentially , the statistical tally of Black voters dwindled from 130,000 ( 1896 ) to 13,000 ( 1904 ) . This new Louisiana Statute served as an archetype and blueprint for other states to emulate .
Grandfather Clause
Who co-founded the NACW ( National Association of Colored Women ) in 1896 A.D. ?
Harriet Tubman and Mary Church Terrell
The Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Separate But Equal Doctrine. It was the nuisance of legitimized Dejure Segregation .
Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896 A.D. )
NACW was jointly founded by Harriet Tubman and Mary Church Terrell in 1896 . Identify the majuscule acronym .
National Association of Colored Women
In the wake of closing Reconstruction Era , NAACP was founded in 1909 A.D. What does the the majuscule acronym stand for ?
National Association for Advancement of Colored People
What HBCU founded its pedagogical institution of Higher Learning on 09 January 1866? Hence , this University opened its first campus in Nashville , Tennessee.
Fisk University
She was fierce Anti-Lynching Crusader . Her publication of the Red Badge ( 1896 ) challenged its murky reality of lynching momentum in the 19th Century America.
Ida Barnett Wells