End of term6
What is the primary purpose of pipelines?
Transportation of various liquids and gases
How are pipelines classified based on the type of transported liquid?
Water pipelines, fuel oil pipelines, lubrication oil pipelines, gas pipelines, et
What is the classification of pipelines based on their configuration?
Simple pipelines and complex pipelines
When is a pipeline considered simple?
When it does not have any branches from the intake point to the consumption point
What type of pipeline has branches but does not divert liquid into lateral branches?
Branched pipelines
What is the primary consideration in long pipelines?
Linear head losses
In short pipelines, what is the primary consideration?
Local head losses
What does transit flow in a pipeline mean?
Transmission along the mainline without withdrawal
What distinguishes technological calculation from hydraulic calculation?
Fluid flow rate
What is specified in the design assignment for an oil pipeline based on Construction Norms and
Regulations of RoK 3.05-01-2010?
Volumes of oil transfer
How are routes for new pipelines selected?
Variant evaluation of economic feasibility and environmental acceptability
What must be considered when choosing the route for a pipeline?
Prospective development of cities and other areas
What is not allowed when planning the laying of main pipelines in tunnels?
Planning in tunnels of railways and roads
What is the maximum allowed deviation coefficient for pipelines laid in flat terrain?
1.05
What does the coefficient of pipeline route development (kd) determine?
Route optimization
What is the primary characteristic of a pipeline according to technological calculation of main oil pipelines?
Internal diameter
How is the variety of sizes for pipeline components reduced in construction?
By using a standardized series of nominal sizes
What is conditional pressure (Рc) used for in pipelines?
To ensure long-term operation of fittings and pipeline components
What should be considered when determining the operating pressure for oil pipelines?
Vapor pressure of the transported product
How is the economically advantageous diameter determined in pipeline design?
By constructing a graph of capital costs and operational expenses
What is the primary consideration in determining the optimal parameters of an oil pipeline?
Diameter and wall thickness
Why is the use of steel pipes with greater wall thickness and diameter than specified not allowed?
To ensure safety and compliance with design specifications
What does the calculation of operational modes involve in the context of oil pipelines?
Determining the capacity of the oil pipeline and pressure at stations
How does an increase in pipeline diameter impact capital costs and operational expenses?
Capital costs increase, operational expenses decrease
What is the fundamental equation for pipeline calculation?
Bernoulli's Equation
What does Bernoulli's Equation primarily consider in the context of pipeline flow?
Local head losses
What type of pipelines do hydraulic calculations for complex networks apply to?
Closed networks
In parallel connections of pipes, what is true regarding head loss?
Head loss is the same in each branch
What is the flow coefficient (K) representative of in pipeline configurations?
Flow of liquid in the pipeline with a hydraulic gradient equal to one
What do parallel connections of pipes and sequential-parallel connections have in common?
Flow is the same in each branch