history test 2
why did highway robbery increase in this time?
Better roads meant more travelling, increased trade between towns, isolated roads
What was the name of the Act which made poaching a capital crime?
Waltham Black Act
What was the name of the most famous smuggling gang of the time?
Hawkhurst Gang
Give 1 reason why witchcraft stopped being a crime during this time.
Economy better, less superstitious, science explain things
What year were the Tolpuddle Martyrs convicted?
1834
What were they convicted of?
Taking secret oaths – an old law for the navy
What was the “real” reason why they were convicted?
To stop workers joining together to improve their status and possible challenge govt
Where were they transported to?
Australia
What year were the Bow Street Runners established?
1749
What year was the Met Police force set up?
1829
What did the Police Act of 1856 do?
Professional police forces set up across the country funded by govt
What year did transportation end?
1868
Give 1 reason why transportation ended
Discovery of gold made it attractive
Too expensive
Prisons being built
Why did the Bloody Code end?
Feeling that rehabilitation was better, death for minor crimes was wrong
Who wrote a report on how bad prison conditions were?
John Howard
What did Elizabeth Fry do?
Visited Newgate prison in 1813 – education for females, better conditions
When was Pentonville built?
1842
What is the separate system?
Prisoners separated to so they couldn’t talk. Repetitive work.
Give one reason why the separate system was introduced
Rehabilitation – reflect on crimes – turn to religion. Not influenced by other criminals Retribution – make them pay Deterrent
Give the years of the 2 Gaols Acts
1774 and 1823
Who was Home Secretary in the 1820s?
Robert Peel
How did he manage to convince parliament to introduce the Met police force?
Crime wave of 1826, feeling that Bloody code too harsh
Give 3 facts about the Met
Uniform, prevent crime and disorder, Well trained and paid. Full time, Unarmed, High crime areas patrolled, not popular at first
What year did public executions end?
1868
What did the second Gaol Act introduce?
Chaplains visit prisoners, gaolers paid, no chains for prisoners