Chapter 7- Nutrition
Nutrition
the science of the action of food, beverages, and their components in biological systems
nutrient
a compound that provides a needed function in the body
Macronutrients
the nutrients the body needs in larger amounts
Micronutrients
the body needs in smaller amounts
Carbohydrates
made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
examples: whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, rice, sugary snacks/drinks, and pasta
Proteins
comprised of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
examples: nuts, beans/legumes, skim milk, egg whites, and meat
Lipids
fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols (cholesterol). composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
examples: oils, butter, and egg yolks.
Carbohydrates, protiens, lipids, and water are ___________?
Macronutrients
Vitamins and minerals are ________?
micronutrients
Food energy is measured in _________, referred to as calories.
kilocalories
A kilocalorie is the amount of energy needed to raise...
1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius
Carbohydrate
4 kcal/g
Protein
4 kcal/g
lipids
9 kcal/g
alcohols
7 kcal/g
MyPlate categorizes food into the standard six food groups:
fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, dairy, and oils
High-fructose corn syrup
a cheaper alternative to sucrose, and made up of 50% glucose and 50% fructose
Proteins can be classified as either...
complete or incomplete
complete proteins
provide adequate amounts of all nine essential amino acids
Incomplete proteins
do not contain adequate amounts
fiber
indigestible matter, that
it survives digestion in the small intestine and reaches the large intestine
Dietary fiber
contains both nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin
Functional fiber
contains nondigestible carbohydrates only and can be isolated, extracted, or synthesized
Total Fiber
Fiber that contains both dietary fiber and functional fiber
Fat-soluble vitamins
carried in lipids, fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the lipids stored in the body.
vitamins A, D, E, and K
Water-soluble vitamins
absorbed with water in the gastrointestinal tract.
eight B vitamins and vitamin C
Soluble Fiber
Fiber that is found to lower cholesterol levels.
Insoluble Fiber
Fiber that binds to water and allows for soft fecal matter