C2.1 Purity and separating mixtures
Alloy
a mixture of a metal and at least one other element
Balance Chemical Equation
A model for a reaction showing formulae and number of units for all substances involved
Boiling point
the temperature at which a substances changes from the liquid state to the gas state
Carrier Gas
An unreactive or inert gas used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography
Chemical Formula
A description of a compound or an element that uses symbols to represent the atoms present
Chromatogram
Pattern produced when separating a mixture using chromatography
Chromatography
A separation method that relis on the distribution of a substance between a mobile phase and a stationary phase
Condense
Changing gas to liquid state
Condenser
Apparatus that cools and condense a substance
Crystallisation
Process by which crystals are formed during evaporation from a solvent
Dissolve
Process of solvent and solute mixing to form a solution
Empirical Formula
Formula showing the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound
Evaporate
Substance turn into a liquid state to a gas state
Filtrate
liquid that passes through filtration
Filtration
process by which insoluble substances are separated to soluble substances using a filter
Formulation
mixture where ingredients are combined in exact amounts
Fraction
Substance separated during fractional distillation
Fractional Distillation
Method for separating mixture of liquids with different boiling points
Fractionating column
a piece of apparatus used to improve the separation of solvents
Gas chromatography
process of separating compounds in a mixture by injecting a gaseous or liquid sample into a mobile phase
Impure Substance
Material consisting of two or more elements
Insoluble
A substance that cannot dissolve
Melting point
Temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid
Mixture
Material consisting of two or more different substances
Mobile Phase
substance in the liquid os gas state that moves during chromatography
Paper Chromatography
a technique which is used to separate low-molecular-mass compounds based on their distribution between stationary phase and mobile phase
Periodic Table
, arranges the chemical elements into rows and columns
Phase
a substance in a solid, liquid, gas state
Pure substance
consisting of just one element or compound
Purity
A measure of how pure a substance is
Relative Atomic Mass
A measure of how heavy atoms are
Relative Mass formula
Relative formula mass is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit
Relative Molecular mass
the sum of all the relative atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule
Residue
left over insoluble material after filtration
Rf value
Relative distance travelled by a substance during chromatography
Saturated solution
A solution containing the maximum mass of a solute at a given temperature
Simple distillation
method to separate a solvent from a solution
Solubility
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent
Soluble
Measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature
Solute
substance that dissolves in a solvent
Solution
Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another
Solvent
A substance that can dissolve a solute to form a solution
Stationary phase
Substance in the solid or liquid state that doesnt move during chromatography
Thin layer chromatography
a technique used to isolate non-volatile mixtures
Vapour
a substance in its gas state and below its boiling point