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C2.1 Purity and separating mixtures

Alloy

a mixture of a metal and at least one other element

Balance Chemical Equation

A model for a reaction showing formulae and number of units for all substances involved

Boiling point

the temperature at which a substances changes from the liquid state to the gas state

Carrier Gas

An unreactive or inert gas used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography

Chemical Formula

A description of a compound or an element that uses symbols to represent the atoms present

Chromatogram

Pattern produced when separating a mixture using chromatography

Chromatography

A separation method that relis on the distribution of a substance between a mobile phase and a stationary phase

Condense

Changing gas to liquid state

Condenser

Apparatus that cools and condense a substance

Crystallisation

Process by which crystals are formed during evaporation from a solvent

Dissolve

Process of solvent and solute mixing to form a solution

Empirical Formula

Formula showing the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound

Evaporate

Substance turn into a liquid state to a gas state

Filtrate

liquid that passes through filtration

Filtration

process by which insoluble substances are separated to soluble substances using a filter

Formulation

mixture where ingredients are combined in exact amounts

Fraction

Substance separated during fractional distillation

Fractional Distillation

Method for separating mixture of liquids with different boiling points

Fractionating column

a piece of apparatus used to improve the separation of solvents

Gas chromatography

process of separating compounds in a mixture by injecting a gaseous or liquid sample into a mobile phase

Impure Substance

Material consisting of two or more elements

Insoluble

A substance that cannot dissolve

Melting point

Temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid

Mixture

Material consisting of two or more different substances

Mobile Phase

substance in the liquid os gas state that moves during chromatography

Paper Chromatography

a technique which is used to separate low-molecular-mass compounds based on their distribution between stationary phase and mobile phase

Periodic Table

, arranges the chemical elements into rows and columns

Phase

a substance in a solid, liquid, gas state

Pure substance

consisting of just one element or compound

Purity

A measure of how pure a substance is

Relative Atomic Mass

A measure of how heavy atoms are

Relative Mass formula

Relative formula mass is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit

Relative Molecular mass

the sum of all the relative atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule

Residue

left over insoluble material after filtration

Rf value

Relative distance travelled by a substance during chromatography

Saturated solution

A solution containing the maximum mass of a solute at a given temperature

Simple distillation

method to separate a solvent from a solution

Solubility

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent

Soluble

Measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a certain temperature

Solute

substance that dissolves in a solvent

Solution

Mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another

Solvent

A substance that can dissolve a solute to form a solution

Stationary phase

Substance in the solid or liquid state that doesnt move during chromatography

Thin layer chromatography

a technique used to isolate non-volatile mixtures

Vapour

a substance in its gas state and below its boiling point

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