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Vocab

Hawthorne Effect

phenomenon that changes subjects behavior by researchers being present/ awareness

Culture

Knowledge, language, values, customs, matriel objects passed down from generations

Matriel Culture

physical/ tangible creations that members of society make, use, and share

Non Matriel Culture

abstract, intangible creations of society that influences behavior

Beliefs

mental acceotence/ conviction that things are true or real

Cultural Universals

customs/ practices that occur in all societies

Symbol

meaningfully represents something else

Language

symbols that express ideas and lets people think and communicate with people

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

language shapes the view of reality of its speakers

Values

Ideas about whats right, wrong, good, bad, desirable, undesirable in a culture

Value Contradictions

values that conflict with one another or mutually exclusive

Norms

established rules/ behavior/ standards of conduct

Sanctions

rewards for appropriate behavior or penalties for innappropiate behaviors

Folkways

INFORMAL norms/ everyday custums thag may be violated WITHOUT serious consequences

Mores

STRONGLY held norms with moral and ethical cannotations that MAY NOT be violated without serious consequences

Taboos

Mores so strong that their violation is considered extremely offensive/ unmentionable

Laws

formal/ standarized norms enacted by legislatures and enforced by formal sanctions

Technology

knowledge/ techniques/ tools that allow people to transform resources into usuable forms

Cultural Lag

Term for a gap between the technical development and its moral/ legal institutions

Subculture

category of people who share distinguishing attributes/ beliefs/ values/ norms that set them apart from the dominant culture

Culture Shock

Disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures that are different than their own

Ethnocentrism

practice of judging all other cultures by ones own culture

Cultural Relativism

belief that behaviors and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the cultures own standards

High Culture

Classical music/ opera/ ballet/ live theatre/ other activities thats oatronized by elite audiences

Popular Classes

Activities/ products/ services appealed to members of working class

Cultural Imperialism

extensive infusion of one nations culture into other nations

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