Anthropology
what is surface surveying?
looking into an area andseeing what you can find on ground
what is lidar?
Light detection and ranging. using lasers that bounce off hard objects
What are aerial photographs and satellite images?
soil marks and crop marks
Define artifacts.
Portable objects showing evidenceof having beenmade by humans
Define ecofacts.
Plant remains, animal remains, or sediments that have cultural relevance
Define features
Nonportable objects created by people
what is bipedalism
major type of locomotion referring to having two feet
what are the four parts of the anatomy of bipedalism?
skull, jaw, teeth, and long bones
3 types of Protonominin fossils
sahelanthropos tchadensis, orrorin fugensis, ardipithecus ramidus
Doprotohominins have small brains?
yes
where did protohominins live?
forested environments
when were the australopithicenes around?
4.5 - 1.8 mya
Did the australopithicenes hunt or scavenger?
scavenger
How many types of australopithícenes are there?
Five
What came first, the A. afarensis or the A. garhi
A. Afarensis
What is another name for the Paranthropus line?
Robust Australopithicens
when was the Paranthropus line ?
2.5 - 1.0 mya
Do the hablines resemble australopithicenes?
Yes, only from the neck down
which group was possibly the first tool maker?
Hablines
what is the australopithecus Garhi known for?
tool use and butchering
who were the potential first group to migrate out of Africa?
Homo erectus
where were Neanderthals found?
Europe
What types of tools did the homo erectus use?
Achulean tools
who used stone tools?
HOMO florensis
What are archaic stone tools known as?
Mousterian
Did neanderthals evolve into humans?
No
What does the neolithic period mark?
The start of settlements
what is taphonomy?
studying the bones to see what happened to them
what effects did cooking meat have ?
smaller teeth, weakened immune system,reducedbody hair , smaller gut
What are assemblages
Assembled space of artifacts (lost city)
where did neanderthals get their name from?
River valley in Germany where they were discovered
what's tarodentrism
teeth getting bigger
what is an example of retromolar space?
overbite
when were stone tools used
Middle paleolithic period
Two most important ways to identify fossils?
uranium series dating and thermoluminescense dating
What make a rock qualify as a blade?
twice as long as wide
what do paleo anthropologists study?
skeletal remains and fossils
What do archaeologists do?
focus on reconstructing changes in human societies
what is the matrix?
What the artifact was found in (dirt, sand, gravel, etc)
What is context?
what was found around an artifact to determine its meaning
What is provenance?
Precise 3D position that the object was found it
what is ethnoarchaeology?
studying how present day artifacts are used in todays Society and how they end up in the archaeological record
Name the order of Australopithicenes
A. anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, A. garhi, A. sediba
3 things to find in anatomy to suggest bipedalism
Forum magnum , pelvis shorter and wider, knees
sedantism
result of domestication, permanent living situation
environmental circumscription
fighting for good farming environment
Agroecology
altering the environment for domesticated plants to survive
Prosessual archaeology
process with statistics about culture
what does CRMmean?
Cultural Resource management.
what is the study of macroevolution
using fossils
Partial Replacement model
idea that the archaics abnd model humans
diastima
spacing in your mouth where the canines where