Vocab
Hawthorne Effect
phenomenon that changes subjects behavior by researchers being present/ awareness
Culture
Knowledge, language, values, customs, matriel objects passed down from generations
Matriel Culture
physical/ tangible creations that members of society make, use, and share
Non Matriel Culture
abstract, intangible creations of society that influences behavior
Beliefs
mental acceotence/ conviction that things are true or real
Cultural Universals
customs/ practices that occur in all societies
Symbol
meaningfully represents something else
Language
symbols that express ideas and lets people think and communicate with people
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
language shapes the view of reality of its speakers
Values
Ideas about whats right, wrong, good, bad, desirable, undesirable in a culture
Value Contradictions
values that conflict with one another or mutually exclusive
Norms
established rules/ behavior/ standards of conduct
Sanctions
rewards for appropriate behavior or penalties for innappropiate behaviors
Folkways
INFORMAL norms/ everyday custums thag may be violated WITHOUT serious consequences
Mores
STRONGLY held norms with moral and ethical cannotations that MAY NOT be violated without serious consequences
Taboos
Mores so strong that their violation is considered extremely offensive/ unmentionable
Laws
formal/ standarized norms enacted by legislatures and enforced by formal sanctions
Technology
knowledge/ techniques/ tools that allow people to transform resources into usuable forms
Cultural Lag
Term for a gap between the technical development and its moral/ legal institutions
Subculture
category of people who share distinguishing attributes/ beliefs/ values/ norms that set them apart from the dominant culture
Culture Shock
Disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures that are different than their own
Ethnocentrism
practice of judging all other cultures by ones own culture
Cultural Relativism
belief that behaviors and customs of any culture must be viewed and analyzed by the cultures own standards
High Culture
Classical music/ opera/ ballet/ live theatre/ other activities thats oatronized by elite audiences
Popular Classes
Activities/ products/ services appealed to members of working class
Cultural Imperialism
extensive infusion of one nations culture into other nations