radio chapter 5
Quantity
the number of x-rays produced in the dental x-ray unit
wavelength
determines the energy and panetrating power of radiation
x-ray with shorter wavelength
have more penetrating power
longer wavelength
are less panetrating and are more likely to be absorbed by matter
the term quality
is used to discribe the mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam
quility or wavelength and energy of x-ray beam
controlled by kilovoltage
voltage
is the measurment of force that refers to the potential diff between 2 electrical charges
inside the tubehead voltage
is measured of electrical force that causes electrons to move from the negative cathode to the positive anode
when voltage is increased
the speed of electrons is increased
the elctrons strike the target with greater force resulting in
penetrating x-ray beam with a short wavelngth
voltage is measured in
volts or kilovolts
dental x-ray equipment requires the use
of high voltage, most radiographers unit use 1 kilovolts is equal to 1000 volts
the term kilovoltage is the
maximum voltage or peak voltage of an alternating current
current intraoral x-ray units include adjustable setting that range from
60 to 70 kv
increasing kilovoltage results in
a higher energy x-ray beam with increased penetrating ability
Density and kilovoltage ---> density is
the overall darkness or blackness of an image
if kilovoltage is inceased while other fcators remain constant
image exhibits an icreased density and appear darker
if kilovoltage is decreased
image exhibits a decreased density and appears lighter
contrast and kilovoltage---> contrast refers to
how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on an image
when lowering kilovoltage setting are used
a high contrast image result---> an image with high contrast has many black areas , many white areas, and few shades of gray
an image with high contrast is useful for
detecting and determining the progression of denta caries
with higher kilovoltage setting
low contrast results-----> with many shades of gray rather then black and white
an image low contrast is useful for
detecting of periodontal or periapical disease
exposure time and kilovoltage -----> exposure time refers to
the interval of time during which x-ray are produced
the longer the exposure time
the more x-ray are delivered and darker image result
the timer exposure is recommended to
adjust in order to lighten or darken an image
an impulse is a term of *used by older units
measurment that refers to the fact that x-ray are created in a series of bursts or pulses rather than in a continuous stream
1 pulse occurs in every *used by older units
1/60 seconds
kilovoltage was increased, the exposure time was. *older units
decreased
when kilovoltage is decreased,the exposure time is. *olderunits
increased
amperage and milliamperage--> amperage determines
the amount of electrons passing through the cathode filament
an increase in the # of electrons travel fromcathode to anode result in
production of inceased # of x-rays
the quantity of x-ray produced is controlled by
milliamperage
Ampere (mA) id the unit measure used to describe
number of electrons flowing through the cathode filament
current intraoral units may include adjustable setting rage from
6-8mA or else a fixed setting of 7 mA
older units were availabe with adjustable setting rage from
7 mA to 15 mA
A higher milliampere setting
increases the temp of the cathode filament and increase the numb of electrons that strike the anode increases the numb of x-rays emitted from the tube
the quantity or the numb of x-ray is emitted is controlled by
milliamperage
increase in mA increase the overall
density and result in a darker image
decrease in mA
decreases the over all density and image appear lighter
increased kv
decreases exposure time
decreases kv
increase exposure time
increased mA
decreases exposure time
decreases mA
increases exposure time
all dental x-ray machines have 3 eposure factor setting
kV,mA and time
the exposure time is adjusted based onpatient size
it should be decreased with children and increased with adults with large jaws
Quality + quantity =
intensity
intensity defined as
th product of the quantity( numb of x-ray photon) and quality(energy of each photon) per unit of area per unit of the time exposure
intensity = # of photon x energy of each photon / area x exposure rate
Distance
target-surface distance: the distance from the source of radiation( tungsten target in anode) to the patient's skin
target-object distance:---> the distance from the source of radiation( tungsten target in anode) to the patient's tooth
target-receptor :---> the distance from the source of radiation(tungsten target in anode) to the receptor
Inverse square law state
the intensity o radiation is inversly proptional to the square of the distance from the source of radiation
inversely proportional means
one variable increase the other decreases
when the source- to- receptor distance increase the intensity of the beam decreases
according to the invrse law
when target-receptor distance is doubled ----> the result is 1/4 as intense
when the target-receptor distance is reduced by half ---> result is 4x as intense
beam will be 1/4 intense if the
target to receptor distance is changed from 8 to 16 inches
half-value layer
ex. if the half value layer is 3mm --> than a 3mm thickness of aluminum is required to decrease the intensity by half
| Cuestionario |
|---|
| Historyhistory notes |
| Biologyanatomy and physiology questions |
| Japanese |
| frenchfrench test |
| Emergency Equipment |
| Cris Et Frissons |
| scienceelectricity |
| Hindouisme;.. |
| business - unit 1unit 1 - definitions
genral business |
| Topografi |
| Action words (hard) |
| action words |
| Spanish Midterm |
| business - unit 2 marketingdefinitions of marketing |
| Arbeid&organisatie psychologieEen attitude is:
Een positieve of negatieve houding tegenover mensen, dingen of gebeurtenissen |
| CompTIA A+ 1101/1102 Acronyms A-E |
| NGO actieweek 1 klas 1 paragraaf 2.1 2.2 |
| SOCI 231 Exam |
| Begrippen - H. 2 & 3 |
| OPTA 204( Body Scheme Disorders and Neglect) |
| finansiering |
| CHEM-1111 Term 2 test |
| Clinical Psychology - Schizophrenia |
| Medical Terminology - integumentary |
| mens en natuur |
| week 7 microbiome-health and disease |
| Arabic 1 |
| Science Ch.3 |
| AK leefomgeving HS 1&2rawr |
| presentie communicatie |
| Films - US Box OfficeTop films in US domestic box office by year |
| anatomie |
| fun 1 |
| Lecture 8: Topgraphical modelling |
| maatschapijleermaatschapij flashkaarten |
| Economie katern 3Begrippen |
| Economie katern 2Begrippen |
| Economie katern 1Begrippen |
| Criminal Law- recklessness |
| EMC - La République française |
| Science |
| CFA |
| PSYCH 333: Infancy & ToddlerhoodExam on November 9 (slide 26-) |
| PSYC-1000:Unit 2, |
| Vocabualry |
| Energy: Some Basic Principles |
| Phonetic alphabet |
| Clinical skill levels |
| physics 10Questions for unit test in Canada grade 10 |
| Radio Signals |
| diversity terms |
| Powerline Commands |
| Dispatch Regions |
| biology |
| Physicsphysics equations |
| Marxist theory |
| Ratio'slearning ratios |
| Soc Midterm #2- |
| Residential Tenancies Act |
| cells |
| PSYCH 333: Middle childhoodExam November 9 |
| media theory midterm - semiotics |
| zinnen blz.22 |
| spaans indefinido uitgangen ar |
| film |
| Psykologi - Stress och kriser |
| Lecture 7: Raster data analysis |
| Lecture 6: Raster structures |
| maarschappij - H 2 en 6 |
| tenta 2 |
| group 1 , group 7 , group 0 |
| Français |
| metals and non metals |
| biology gcse |
| Droit |
| Tidig utveckling 0-2 år |
| Histoire Géo Séquence 2 |
| Psykoanalytisk teori (Stadieteorier) |
| Carbohydrates |
| french vocab - 5/11/23 |
| german vocab 6/11/23 |
| Biologie hoofdstuk H11 |
| biologybiology paper 1 revision |
| biology |
| forces |
| Combinaciones frecuentes |
| Criminal law- intention |
| Espagnol |
| anglais s3 |
| Criminal law- Causation |
| Biologie H10belangrijke onderwerpen en begrippen |
| Lecture 5: Data Capture |
| AQA Spanish GCSE Unit 1 |
| Lecture 4: Geodetic reference systems and projections |
| frans apprendre 1+2 |
| FreudFreuds basic's |
| Remote Area Survival |
| Frans winter |
| GS Actieweek 1 toets |
| Specificity |
| Strength and conditioning - Into & Neuromuscular System |
| Meteorology & Turbulance |
| animal |
| exam 2exam 2 |
| Arabiska #2 |
| Arabiska #1Ord på arabiska |
| Dutch board game |
| chem 6/7 |
| a&p |
| Midterm 2: Social Influence |
| WW quizWord Wednesdays |
| katern 6 risico en informatie |
| Biochemistry Test |
| whts your nameglqoqb |
| katern 5 samenwerken & onderhandelen |
| dév. de l'adolescence |
| dév. psycho et éducation à la sexualité |
| psychology of sex |
| Criminal law- Omissions |
| Topic 5 and 6 Bio |
| Midterm 2: Group Processes |
| Unit 10: Key Terms A and P |
| The halogens and halides (CHEMISTRY) |
| german 8 |
| Latin |
| Geschiedenis van de Psychologie |
| Algemene A1 niveau vragen |
| Phil 250 Police Ethics |
| psychology |
| chemistary |
| physics brrrr |
| IPA Vowels |
| chem naming n netals |
| IPA Consonants |
| Midterm 2: Attitudes and Persuasion |
| blood vessels |
| blood function |
| blood |
| blood and blood vessels. |
| biology |
| For Kat ^_^ |
| anatomy 2 |
| MDF | Pot Odds | SPR - Geomtric Bet Sizing |
| actual vollyball test |
| chemistry higher gcse |
| chemistry gcse |
| eco katern 4 ruilen over de tijd |
| Lecture 3: Vector Analysis |
| Eco katern 1 scharrste en ruil |
| Geography GCSE paper1 |
| F1 namn |
| 3rd Grade Biome |
| Muscles Attachments |
| JROTC |
| Leadership Test |
| Freddy Fazbear |
| Private Mortgage Exam |
| PSYCH 333: Toddlerhood/Early childhoodExam November 9 |
| Science-Metals,Acids and AlkalisRevison for test. |
| economics |
| nederlands poezie |
| maf |
| ma se2 |
| LATN 110 vocab |
| Metabollic Test Part 2 |
| SES |
| sports |
| mr kuilenburg |
| mrs kalverda |
| Lecture 1: Vector structure and DB theory |
| mr dieleman |
| mr tol |
| mr dieleman |
| mrs johannes |
| Gwen de winter |
| tristan |
| ALEXANDER TONK |
| quinten |
| Juliette Tonk |
| gwen |
| Engelsto be, description, classroom objects, every day activities, place to go in town, prepositons of place, present continuous , rooms in the house, adverbs of frequency |
| engels |
| Amalgam - c |
| Amalgam |
| A |
| socials |
| amendments for part 2 |
| Major and minor chords also # major and # minor |
| Driving Test Questions |
| grade 9 vollyball test |
| science-heating and cooling |
| computer test |
| History unit 3 |
| Bio 111 Lecture 14 |
| definition of a cell |
| testtoets |
| biologybiology cells living things microbes imunne system etc |
| mains electricity |
| ecoyuhh |
| phl245 rules |
| Chase ch 17 vocab |
| Crim Midterm |
| Physics equation |
| AK rep 2 |
| chapter 3 vocab quizThe Great Gatsby |
| Mock USA test |
| bezittelijke vnw |
| German Esttenten (basis) |
| German -D en-T |
| German Ettenten |
| German haben |
| German sein |
| WW1 and Versailles |
| vouge 1995 |
| key concepts in biology |
| Byggnadsmaterial_1 |
| Give examples of political, economic, and social globalization? (such as source |
| La seconde guerre mondiale |
| Law |
| Van Mens tot Cel |
| constitution test part 2 |
| black mirror |
| shapes of molecules - chem |
| Latin OCR GCSE VocabHelping GCSE Latin students |
| Begrippen syllabus || Oudheid |
| conference interviewjhvmghj |
| juliette |
| frans |
| mthv |
| Earth phase final 2 |
| Biology 20 Biochemistry |
| SLYG test #2Going over the topics of Reigion, Gender and Families |
| Traffic Bowl |
| bible |
| Advanced English II Unit 4 Vocabulary Test Preperation |
| chapter 1 test grade 10 - copy 1 |
| History Exam 2 |
| chapter 1 test grade 10 |
| Islam terms |
| words science |
| scince study |
| Science |
| L'encéphale Chapitre 4encéphale |
| RS (term 1a) |
| Popular computer games |
| Chapter 6 vocabThe great gatsby |
| Privity |
| Chapter 5 vocab |
| ITCLR |
| Frans |
| Anthropology Test |
| Consideration (LAW) |
| it-grabs GDA |
| Anatomy Test 2 |
| accounting |
| new regional political parties of the 1930s |
| history 2 definitions to know |
| infectiepreventie |
| Frans P1aramsamsam |
| Economie H6 begrippen |
| Arresten bpre |
| fiqh |
| social studies termssocail studies terms |
| ekonomilära mig alla begrepp |
| Thermodynamique |
| biologyRemember key words |
| Reagents and Shapes |
| baroque |
| physics quiz 1 |
| Cell FunctionsCell Functons 10 cohort IB |
| Socialpsykologi |
| Responses audience feels in each key scene by lang used |
| Romeo&Juliet - how each key event in each act engages the audience |
| ♡ verbe commun |
| Block 1 Introduction to Ecology lesson LIFE |
| Real Estate Formulas |
| enzymes |
| 1st Year Sociology - Families and Households |
| IMS jaar 1flashcards |
| Cell recognition and the immune system (Chapter 5) |
| REVIEW GA EXAM |
| Russian RevolutionRussian revolution cards |
| chapter 5 bio |
