EXTREAMLY HARD HISTORY
Explain the 1840 act of union
The British parliament unified upper and Lower Canada into one colony named the Province of Canada they were named Canada East- formally lower Canada and Canada West- formally Upper Canada.
what was Lord Durham's first recommendation?
The colonies of upper and lower Canada should merge into one colony with an english speaking majority
what was Lord Durham's second recommendation?
The assimilation of the french peoples language and culture into the british language and culture
what was lord Durham's third recommendation?
responsible government should be implicated in the new colony giving citizens a voice in government through an elected assembly
how many recommendations did lord Durham make
3
what year did lord Durham present three recommendations
1838
What were the four political parties in Canada West and Canada East?
conservatives, clear grits, parti rouge, and parti bleu
what were the roles for conservatives
loyal to Queen Victoria and the British. strongly supported and worked hard toward confederation
what were the roles for clear grits
wanted people to have more voice in government operations. advocated for representation by the population system. had support from the rural population. supported the idea of confederation for bna colonies
what were the roles for parti rouge
opposed to a confederation of BNA colonies because he felt it would not be beneficial to Canada East French population
what were the roles of parti bleu
supported confederation only if canada east would maintain a religious and family law system. wanted cooperation between the french and English.
who was the leader of the conservatives
John A. Macdonald
who was the leader of clear grits
George Brown
who was the leader of parti rouge
Antoine-Ami Dorien
who was the leader of parti bleu
George Entienne Cartier
Who was John A. Macdonald and how did he contribute to the Confederation?
John Alexander Macdonald was the first prime minister of Canada. He was the main reason for Confederation. It was his idea hence the name the "Impossible idea". John Alexander Macdonald is the main reason for the unity in Canada. John A Macdonald helped unite the bna colonies in confederation
Why was the Intercontinental Railway an important topic on the road to Confederation?
the intercolonial railway is important because it would help Canada economically and it was one of the promises they fulfilled in confederation.
What are the four areas that the Intercolonial Railway would improve in BNA?
it would move troops faster, mail delivery would speed up, it could increase trade among colonies, and improve transportation- distance between colonies
reason 1 for confederation
political deadlock led to geat coalition in the united province of canada
reason 2 for confederation
a railway linking colonies was needed to increase trade and move troops
reason 3 for confederation
cancellation of the reciprocity treaty by the us ended free trade between bna and us.
reason 4 for confederation
there was a threat of American expansion into bna
reason 5 for confederation
great Britain wanted colonies to be more self sufficient
reason 6 for confederation
some people in Canada wanted to expand settlement into Ruperts land and north western territories
conference 1 and results
Charlottetown: sept 1 1864- considering a large union confederation of bna colonies
conference 2 and results
Quebec: Oct 1864- a list called The 72 resolutions was created.
confederation 3, date, and results
London: 1866-1866- May 22 1867 Queen Victoria proclaimed that the dominion of Canada would be created. July 1st became Canada day in 1867. new brunswick and nova scotia were able to make the 72 resolutions benefit them. the intercolonial railway would be guaranteed- connect province
coalition
a temporary joining of political parties
manifest destiney
americans believed they should own all of north America
political deadlock
occurs when parties cant agree and no resolution/decision can be made
fathers of confederation
the 36 men who represented bna colonies at one or more of the conferences.
representation by population
it means the more people living in a province the more people would be elected to the assembly
fenians
Irish Catholics living in the us
great coalition
george brown joined the conservatives nad parti bleu to break deadlock.
tarrifs
tax
free trade
trading without tax/ tariffs
pacific coast...
separated from the rest of the colonies, had strong ties with the us, the two main colonies were BC and Vancouver island and it was mostly populated by First Nations
ruperts land...
mainly fur trading area, mettis settled in the red river region, settlers from Canada west moved west to farm, and mettis liv unrespected by the government of the united provinve of Canada.
atlantic colonies...
most of the population by the British, fishing a ship building is popular, and they mainly traded with us and the West Indies.
united province of Canada...
canada west is mainly English- Canada East mainly french, farming is the most common industry, small factories, cities growing, and water main transportation-needs better roads
bna had _ amount of colonies in 1860
8
external factors...
cost for Britain to defend and govern colonies, repeal or corn law, end of reciprocity treaty, Fenian raids, manifest destiny.
internal factors...
no intercolonial system of transportation-could not trade from colony to colony, the united province of Canada was often in political deadlock, and the national rail system too expensive for any one colony to build.
british north america act
an act of union of Canada, new brunswick, Nova Scotia and the government
the gold rush
mine for gold
Canada east language and religion
french and catholic
Canada west language and religion
English and protestant