lecture 4 exam
The heart propels blood to and from most body tissues via two basic types of blood vessels called
arteries and veins
blood vessels that carry blood away from the hear
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
veins
three classes of blood vessels
arteries, capillaries, and veins
become progressively smaller as they branch and finally result in capillaries
arteries
become progressively larger as they merge and are closer to the heart
veins
Both artery and vein walls have three layers, called
tunics
connective tissue that helps anchor the blood vessel to an organ (outermost)
tunic externa
comprised of circularly arranged smooth muscle (middle)
tunic media
composed of (1) endothelium and (2) a layer of connective tissue (innermost)
tunic intima
sympathetic input
vasoconstriction
parasympathetic
vasodilation
Bloodflowthroughtheheartisunidirectional
because of ___ within the heart
4 valves
The heart is functionally ____ that work at the same rate and pump the same volume of blood.
two side by side pumps
One pump directs blood to the
lungs
One pump directs blood to most
body tissues
The heart generates ____ through alternate cycles of the heart wall’s contraction and relaxation
blood pressure
a ____ blood pressure is essential to circulate blood throughout the body
minimum
The cardiovascular system consists of two circulations:
pulmonary and systemic
right side of the heart and the pulmonary arteries and veins; conveys blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart
pulmonary
left side of the heart and arteries and veins; conveys blood to most body tissues and back to the right side of the heart
systemic
The heart wall consists of three distinctive layers (from superficial to deep):
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
four chambers of heart
1. Right atrium
2. Right ventricle
3. Left atrium
4. Left ventricle
four valves of the heart
1. Right atrioventricular (tricuspid)
2. Pulmonary semilunar
3. Left atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral)
4. Aortic semilunar
Receives venous blood from systemic circulation; 2 main veins drain into the right atrium:
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
Separating the right atrium from the right ventricle is the
right atrioventricular valve
Receives ____ venous blood from the right atrium
deoxygenated
An ___ forms a thick wall between the right and left ventricles
interventricular septum