PSY113 midterm prep
what is psychology
the science of bx and mental processes
behvaiourism definition
study of observable bx
what is the humanistic approach
the way the enviroment limits growth
nueroscience perspective
body and the brain
evolutionary persepctive
natural selection
bx genetics perspective
gene and enviroment influence
psycodynamics perspective
unconscouiss drives
cognitive perspective
encode, process, store info
social cultural perspective
bx and thinking
what are the seven perspectives of psychology
nueroscience, cognitive, behavioral, social cultural, pscodyanmics, evolutionary, behavior genetics
what is wilhem wundt known for
father of contemporary psychology
what is edward titcher known for
structuralism, self reported introspection
what is william james known for
functionalism, studied functions of thoughts, feelings and bx
what is sigmund frued known for
psychodynamics, unconscouiss thought processes
what is post truth
emotional and personal beliefs override their acceptance of objective facts
4 research strategies
description, correlation, causation and expirementation
acetylcholine
enables muscle action, learning and memory
dopamine
influences movement, learning, attention and emotion
serotonin
affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
norepinepherine
helps control alertness and arousal
GABA
a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
glutamate
a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
endorphins
neurotransmitters that influence the perception of pain or pleasure
excitatory
excite or stimulate the brain, fire up neurons for action potential
inhibitory
calms the brain down, balance of mood, easily depleted
whats an agonist
molecule that increases a neurotransmitter's action
what is an antagonist
molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action
CNS
brain and spinal cord are the body's decision maker
PNS
sensory and motot neurons connect to the rest of the body for gathering and transmitting info
endocrine system
a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
medulla
controls heartbeat and breathing
thalamus
directs sensory message to the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
reticular formation
nerve network running from through the brainstem and thalamus. controls arousal
hippocampus
exchanges signals with the entire cerebral cortex, consolidation of newly aquired info, processes conscious, explicit memories, decreases in size and function with age
amygdala
emotional expierence, smoke alarm system (fear response, agression)
cerebellum
coordinates voluntary moevment and life sustaining functions, helps process and store info
hypothalamus
controls maintnence functions such as eating
cerebrum
location of higher mental processes, thought and bx
corpus callosum
communication between hemispheres
left hemisphere
verbal, speech, language comprehension
right hemisphere
nonverbal, body language, facial recongnition, intergration and perception
primary motor cortex
cells are connected to motor neurons, voluntary movement
brocas area
left frontal lobe, expressive speech production, speech and gramatical structure
prefrontal cortex
the decider, planning and programming motor acts, executive functioning
orbitofrontal cortex
personality and social bx, impulse control, emotional reactions
temporal lobe
auditory perception, receptive language, contains primary auditory cortex and wernickes area
primary auditory cortex
initial sensory reception of auditory stimulation
wernickes area
abilty to hear and understand languauge
parietal lobe
recieves signals from body (touch, pressure, tempature, pain) and sends to frontal lopbes for processing
occipital lobe
visual cortex and processing, identifying color, locating objects in enviroment, object recingnition
frontal lobe
thinking, planning, problem solving, emotions, behavioural control, decison making
conscioussness
awarness of self and enviroment
selective attention
focusing conscious awarness on a particular stimulus
inattentional blindness
failure to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere
change blindness
failure to notice changes in the enviroment, a form of inattentional blindness
dual processing
info is often simultaneously processed on sepererate conscious (explicit) and unconscious tracks
sleep alpha waves
relativley slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
sleep delta waves
large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
REM sleep
rapid eye movement sleep, sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
insomnia
ongoing difficulty falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
sudden attakcs of overwhleming sleepieness
sleep apenea
stopping breathing repeadetly while sleeping
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
what are the 5 stages of substance use?
substance use, substance misuse, substance abuse, substance dependency, substance addiction
depressants
alchohol, barbiturates and opiates that calm nueral activity and slow body functions
stimulants
caffeine and nicotine, excite nueral activity and speed up body functions
hallucinogens
disort perception, call up sensory images without any input from the senses, marijuana, LSD
bx genetics
the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and enviromental influences on bx
temperament
a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
heritabilty
the proportion of varation among indivudals that can be attributed to genes
molecular genetics
the study of the molecular structure and function of genes
epigenetics
the study of enviromental influences on gene expression that occur without a dna change
relational aggression
an act of aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing
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