Prions, Viruses, Arcaea, Bacteria and Protists quiz reveiw
Antibiotic
compounds that target bacteria and, thus, are intended to treat and prevent bacterial infections
Bacteriocin
ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptides/proteins that either kill or inhibit the growth of closely related bacteria.
Capsule
a membranous sac or integument
Coccus
any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape.
Exobiology
The branch of biology that deals with the search for extraterrestrial life and the effects of extraterrestrial surroundings on living organisms
Endospore
a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum
Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substances through the action of enzymes (Glucose)
Merozoite
a small amoeboid sporozoan trophozoite (as of a malaria parasite) produced by schizogony that is capable of initiating a new sexual or asexual cycle of development
Obligate anaerobe
organisms that can grow and survive only in the absence of oxygen
Penicillin
bactericidal beta-lactam antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
Plasmid
a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently
Protista
simple eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals or fungi
rickettsiae
small, Gram-negative bacilli that have evolved in such close association with arthropod hosts that they are adapted to survive within the host cells
Spore
A usually one-celled reproductive body that can grow into a new organism without uniting with another cell (Haploid)
Trophozite
a general term for the active, feeding, multiplying stage of most protozoa. In parasitic species this is the stage usually associated with pathogenesis
Viroid
an infectious entity affecting plants, smaller than a virus and consisting only of nucleic acid without a protein coat.
Archaea
a group of micro-organisms that are similar to, but evolutionarily distinct from bacteria
Bacteriophage
viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells
binary fission
a type of asexual reproduction typically observed in prokaryotes and a few single-celled eukaryotes. In this method of asexual reproduction, there is a separation of the parent cell into two new daughter cells.
bacillus
any of a genus of rod-shaped, gram-positive, aerobic or (under some conditions) anaerobic bacteria widely found in soil and water
Bacteria
ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms
Caspsid
the protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
Chemosynthesis
the biological process by which chemical energy is converted into carbohydrates for the organism's food
cilium
is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell. absent in bacteria and archaea. (Provides locomotion)
conjugation
the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact
contactile vacoule
a vacuole in some protozoans which expels excess liquid on contraction.
cyanobacteria
(also called blue-green algae) are an ancient group of photosynthetic microbes that occur in most inland waters and that can have major effects on the water quality and functioning of aquatic ecosystems
cyanobacteria
(also called blue-green algae) are an ancient group of photosynthetic microbes that occur in most inland waters and that can have major effects on the water quality and functioning of aquatic ecosystems
endosymbosis
a term used to describe two organisms living together with one inside the other
Epidemic
an unexpected increase in the number of disease cases in a specific geographical area
eukaryote
organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are --------
extremophile
an organism that thrives in extreme environments
eyespot
photoreceptive organelle found in the flagellate or cells of green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms such as euglenids. It allows the cells to sense light direction and intensity and respond to it, prompting the organism to either swim towards the light, or away from it.
faculative aerobe
The organisms which can survive in both oxygenated as well as the deoxygenated environment
flagellum
a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.
garm stain
a test that checks for bacteria at the site of a suspected infection such as the throat, lungs, genitals, or in skin wounds