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Circulatory System

Role of the circulatory system

1. To transport marterials around ghe body
2. To protect the body against disease

Materials transported by the circulatory system

Blood cells
Waste- carbon dioxide + urea

Absorbed food molecules- glucose and amino acids

Hormones- insulin and adrenaline

Vitamins and minerals

Water

Heat

White blood cells

exist in a number of different forms that can either produce antibodies (lymphocytes) to destroy pathogens or can carry out phagocytosis (phagocytes) to enguly and digest pathogens

Platelets

Carry out the process of blood clotting at the site of the wound. Prevent entry of bacteria and excessive blood loss. They work by converting a protein called fibrinogen to fibrin which forms a scab over the wound.

Red blood cells

Biconcave disc shaped cells that are very small but have a large surface area. They have no nucleus to increase room available for oxygen. They contain haemoglobin that binds with oxygen to creat oxyhaemoglobin (rich in iron)

Plasma

The liquid part of the blood. Yellow/straw coloured substance. It is responsible for the transport of blood cells, absorbed food, wastes etc.

Artery Role

•Blood flows away from heart
•High blood pressure

•No valves

•Always carries oxygenated blood (except pulmonary)

Vein Role

•Carries blood to heart
•Low blood pressure

•Valves-to prevent blood backflow

•Carries deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary)

Capillary Role

•Carries blood from arteries to vein
•Low blood pressure

•No valves

•Permeable blood for certain things

•Carried both blood

Pulmonary vein

carried oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Aorta

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

Vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Hepatic Artery

Carries oxygenated blood and glucose from the heart to the liver where it can b stored

Hepatic portal vein

carries digested food(glucose and amino acids) from the small intestine to the liver (deoxygenated blood)

Hepatic Vein

carries glucose and amino acids from the liver to the rest of the body. Deoxygenated blood and carries carbon dioxide from the liver cells to the heart and lungs

Renal Artery

Carries oxygenated blood and urea to the kidneys

Renal Vein

Carries purified blood (low in urea) from the kidney to the heart. It is deoxygenated and carries carbon dioxide from the cells in the kidney back to the lungs and heart

Doubke Circulatory System

The blood flows through the heart twice. The first time it leaves the heart and is pumped to the lungs and the second time it is pumped from the heart all around the body

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