science
what is an insulator
a material that does not allow electricity to pass through
what is a conductor
a material that allows electricity to flow through
how does charging by contact work
both objects start neutral, free negative particles move to the positive rod by touching. (rod is still positive bc of an abundance of positives), the two now positive objects repel each other. when you touch the positive pipe, it neutralizes, bc the negative charges in your hand (electron sink) are attracted to the pipe. repulsion stops
how does charging by induction work (hand)
start with positive object 1, then touch neutral object with hand (electron sink), which transfers negative particles from hand to object, attracted to positive rod. object is now negative which attracts it to positive object
how does charging by induction work (two objects)
have two neutral objects (conductors) touching near a positive rod. the negative particles in both objects are attracted to positive rod. now the one closer to the rod is negative, and the one furthest is positive.
electric current good insulator
when you move a negatively charged object close to a neutral object (that has a conductor to the ground), the electrons will shift over (polarizing) but the protons dont move, which creates attraction between the two objects
what is an electron sink
it can give or take electrons
electric current good conductor
when you move a negatively charged object close to a neutral object connected to an electron sink, the negative repels the free electrons away into the sink, making the object positive and creating attraction. when you remove the negative object, the negatives in the sink are attracted back. if you disconnected the electron sink first, it would remain positive
what is it called when you charge an object without touching it
induced
can charge separate?
yes
what does a grounded conductor (electron sink) do
when there are two objects with a grounded neutral charge and a negative charge. the negative charges in the neutral will flow into the ground, creating a positive. this causes a force of attraction between them- electric potential difference
what is electric potential difference
when there is a difference in charge between two places, there is potential for free electrons to move, due to the force of attraction
how do you create electric potential difference
separate the oppostie charges
what happens if you connect a wire between the plates where one is negative and the other is positive with a grounded conductor
the plates will discharge, by losing or gaining electrons as charge flows from one plate to another through the wire
does separation happen in an insulator or conductor
conductor. the free electrons can move.
does polarization happen in an insulator or conductor
insulator. the electrons can only shift (alignment), creating a negative end and a positive end
name a good conductor
metal
name a good insulator
wood
what happens when you have an object nearby another
charge by induction
what happens when you touch two objects together
charge by contact