B2 Heart
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
The Journey Around The Body
Body tissues ➔ vena cava ➔ right atrium ➔ right ventricle ➔ pulmonary artery ➔ lungs ➔ pulmonary vein ➔ left atrium ➔ left ventricle ➔ aorta ➔ body tissues
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
Aorta
The movement of blood between the ventricles and atria
! The walls of the atria contract, pushing blood into the relaxed ventricles.
! The walls of the ventricles contract, pushing blood out of the heart. At the same time, more blood will enter the now-relaxed atria.
! The cycle repeats.
Pacemaker cells are found in which chamber of the heart
Right atrium
Arteries carry blood ___________ the heart
away from
What carry blood through the body tissues, allowing oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, to be exchanged between tissues and the blood.
Capillaries
Veins carry blood ___________ the heart
Towards
Arteries are large and carry blood at what pressure
very high
Artery walls have a thick middle layer containg what
both muscle and elastic tissue
The muscle tissue provides what
strength, and allows the arteries to direct blood flow
The elastic tissue allows what
the arteries to stretch and recoil
Compared to their walls, arteries have what
have a relatively narrow lumen, which keeps the blood pressure high
The role of veins is to carry blood from where
the body (or lungs) back to the heart
Veins are a similar size to arteries, but they have relatively what walls and lumen and why
thin walls and a relatively wide lumen
This is because they carry blood at a much lower pressure
Veins also contain what to prevent the blood from flowing backwards
Valves
If you consider all the blood vessels inside of a human body, which type of blood vessel accounts for the majority of the cross-sectional area
Capillaries
In which order does blood flow through the three types of blood vessels
Heart ➔ arteries ➔ capillaries ➔ veins ➔ heart
What is the role of red blood cells
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
Red blood cells are packed full of a large proteins called
Haemoglobin
How are red blood cells adapted for their function ( 2 )
• They have a biconcave shape to increase their surface area
• They have no nucleus to fit in more haemoglobin
What is the role of white blood cells
To defend against pathogens
What is the process by which a white blood cell binds to, and then engulfs a pathogen, in order to destroy it
Phagocytosis
How do antibodies help defend against pathogens
They bind to pathogens and help immune cells destroy them
What is the role of platelets
To clot the blood when a blood vessel breaks
Give two reasons why it is so important that our blood clots when we are cut
• Blood clotting is important because it prevents us from losing blood from the blood vessels,
• and it also prevents pathogens from entering the blood, which could cause infection
What is the role of blood plasma
To carry substances and cells around the body
Which three of the make up the cardiovascular system
• Blood
• Blood vessel
• Heart
Which chemical process supplies the majority of the energy required for the contraction of muscle tissue
Aerobic respiration
Coronary arteries branch out of the aorta and supply ___ to the ___
• Oxygenated blood
• Heart muscle
In coronary heart disease, layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, causing
the lumen to become narrower
As the lumen get s narrower , reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of
oxygen and nutrients for the heart muscle
What Happens When The Muscle Is Starved Of Oxygen ( 2 )
• chest pain
• in severe cases, can cause a heart attack
What Are Treatments For Coronary Heart Disease
• Stents
• Statins
How does a stent help treat coronary heart disease
It expands within the artery to widen the lumen
What are the benefits of stents when treating coronary artery disease ( 3 )
• The stents can last a long time
• The stents have an almost immediate effect
• Surgery is quick
How do statins help treat coronary heart disease ( 2 )
• They decrease the amount of LDL cholesterol in the blood
• They increase the amount of HDL cholesterol in the blood
What are the disadvantages of statins when treating coronary artery disease ( 3 )
• The pills have to be taken every day
• It can take months to see the positive effects
• They have side effects such as kidney failure and headaches
What are two problems that may be caused by faulty heart valves ( 2 )
• Blood can pass backwards through the valve
• Not enough blood can pass though the valve
___ valves come from other animals such as pigs or cows
Biological
___ valves are man-made, often from metal.
Mechanical
Which of the are treatments for heart failure
• Replacement with artificial heart
• Replacement with biological heart
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