LESSON 4: LIPIDS (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE)
Why steroid is different in other lipids?
because of its structure four rings
Give a example of LIPIDS
steroid
oil and fats
waxes
Is one of the COMPONENT of CELL MEMBRANE
LIPIDS
The MAIN STRUCTURAL COMPONENT of the CELL MEMBRANE. Consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged with hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads facing outward and hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails facing inward.
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
it refers to characteristics of phospholipid bilayer that means it has TWO MOLECULES a POLAR (HYDROPHOBIC) and NONPOLAR (HYDOPHILIC)
Amphipathic Nature
The characteristics of the _____ ________ include SEMI-PERMEABILITY and the PRESENCE of STEROID MOLECULES.
cell membrane
The cell membrane is _________ __________, ALLOWING certain SUBSTANCES to PASS through while RESTRICTING others. SMALL, NON-POLAR molecules like OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE can PASS through FREELY, while LARGER molecules and IONS require specific transport mechanisms.
selectively permeable
Why STEROID is DIFFERENT to others types of lipids?
because of its structure four rings
Here CHOLESTEROL and FATS are BUILD UP. It PREVENTS FLOW of BLOOD. it is a SINGLE BOND. All fats are COMPOSED of CARBON, HYDROGEN, and OXYGEN ATOMS
SATURATED FATS
Contains SATURATED fatty acids with SINGLE BONDS between carbon atoms. And SOILID at room temperature.
Examples: Animal fats such as butter and lard.
SATURATED FATS
Contains UNSATURATED fatty acids with one or more DOUBLE BONDS between carbon atoms. and LIQUID at room temperature.
Examples: Plant oils such as OLIVE OIL and SUNFLOWER OIL and SALMON
UNSATURATED FATS
this DIET is for FATS
Keto diet
Refers to HIGH-FAT, LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET that promotes KETOSIS for FAT BURNING.
Includes foods like meat, fish, eggs, nuts, seeds, and healthy oils.
Restricts carbohydrates, including sugars, bread, pasta, and most fruits.
Keto diet
FATS from LIQUID at ROOM TEMP. it is DOUBLE BOND
example: olive oil and salmon
UNSATURATED FATS
A TYPE of UNSATURATED because it is LIQUID and FOOD TEMP. it is the WORST among the three. it INCREASE the LDL (low density life of protein)
example: BURGER, FRIES
Trans fat
What are the TWO TYPES of LIPO PROTEINS that play important roles in CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM
LDL (low-density life of protein) and HDL (high-density life of protein)
HDL (high-density of lipoprotein)
LDL and HDL
low-density life of protein and high-density life of protein
Often referred to as "BAD" CHOLESTEROL. TRANSPORTS cholesterol from the LIVER to CELLS throughout the body. High levels of ______ cholesterol are associated with increased RISK of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).
LDL (Low density of life of protein)
Known as "GOOD" CHOLESTEROL.
Functions to TRANSPORT EXCESS cholesterol from the CELLS BACK to the LIVER for DISPOSAL or RECYCLINV.
High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a LOWER risk of heart disease.
HDL (high-density life of protein
To get the TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVEL:
LDL + HDL + 20%
What is NORMAL TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS?
Less than 200 mg/dL
What is the MODERATE TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVEL?
201 - 239 mg/dL
What is the HIGH TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS it may increase the risk of heart disease.
240 mg/dL and above
is MADE UP of LIPIDS
WAXES CUTICLE
it contribute to the WATER PROOFING and PROTECTION of plant SURFACES such as leaves and fruits.
WAXES
_________ are the BUILDING BLOCKS of NUCLEIC ACIDS, including DNA and RNA.
Nucleotides
What are the THREE COMPONENTS od NUCLEOTIDE?
Nitrogenous base, Pentose sugar, and Phosphate group
A nitrogen-CONTAINING molecule that DETERMINES the GENETIC CODE.
Examples include adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U).
Nitrogenous base
A FIVE- CARBON SUGAR molecule that FORMS PART of the BACKBONE of nucleic acids.
In DNA, the sugar is DEOXYRIBOSE.
In RNA, the sugar is RIBOSE.
Pentose sugar
A group containing PHOSPHORUS and OXYGEN ATOMS. Provides a NEGATIVE CHARGE and links adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain.
Phosphate group
Which of the following do not describe the saturated fats?
Saturated fats have carbon in their compsition
________ _______ TEND to be SOLID at ROOM TEMPERATURE. For example, BUTTER and coconut oil are HIGH in ________ ______ and are solid at room temperature
Saturated fats
This are commonly FOUND or OBTAINED in ANIMAL products such as MEAT, DAIRY (butter, cheese), and certain oils like coconut oil and palm oil.
Saturated fats
This fats are HYDROPHOBIC (water-repelling) and do not dissolve well in water. They are soluble in NON-POLAR SOLVENTS
SATURATED FATS
The following are importance of fats, except
They are the main energy source
Which of these is a CARACTERITIC of LIPIDS?
They are insoluble in water
What ACTIONS will you do to PROHIBIT PROTEINS from DENATURATION?
Store at room temp