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Basic computing periods

it is the earliest age of information technology

pre-mechanical

humans communicate using language or simple picture drawings known as pedro clips which were usually carved in rock

premechanical

early alphabets were developed such as the phoenician alphabet

pre-mechanical

this ages when we first start to see connections between our current technology and its ancestors

mechanical

is the time between 3,000 bc and 1450 ad

pre-mechanical

the time between 1450 and 1840

mechanical

a lot of new technologies are developed in this era as there is a large explosion in interest with this area

mechanical

technologies like the slide rule and analog computer used for multiplying and dividing are invented

mechanical

blaise pascal invented the pascaline charles babbage developed the difference engine

mechanical

it can be defined the time between 1840 and 1940

electromechanical

these are the beginnings of telecommunication the telegraph was created in the early 1800s

electromechanical

morse code was created by samuel morse, telephone created by alexander graham bell, the first radio developed by Guglielmo Marconi,

electromechanical

the first large scale automatic digital computer in the united states was the mark 1 created by harvard university around 1940 the computer was 8 ft high 50 ft long 2 ft wide and weight 5 tons huge

electromechanical

this age is what we currently live in define between 1940 and right now

electronic

what generation

the first computers used vacuum tubes for circuit 3 and magnetic drums of memory and were often enormous taking up entire rooms.

first generation

what generation

they were very expensive to operate in addition to using a great deal of electricity generated a lot of heat which was often the cause of malfunctions.

first generation

what generation

it relied on machine language the lowest level programming language understood by computers to perform operations and they could only solve one problem at a time input was based on punch cards and paper tape and output was displayed on printouts

first generation

examples are eniac , edsac univac I, univac II, univac 1101

first generation

what generation

transistors replace vacuum tubes. one transistor replace the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes allowing computers to become smaller faster cheaper and more energy efficient and more reliable.

second generation

what generation

still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer. it moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic or assembly languages which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words

second generation

what generation

still relied on punch cards for input and print outs for output this will also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic or technology

second generation

what generation

examples of univac 111, rca 501, silco transact S-2000, ncr 300 series, ibm 7030 stretch, 7080 7070 7090 series

second generation

what generation

the development of the integrated circuit.

third generation

what generation

transistors were miniatureized and placed on silicon jeeps called semiconductors which drastically increase the speed and efficiency of computers.

third generation

what generation

it could carry out instructions in billionths of a second. much smaller and cheaper compared to the second generation computers.

third generation

what generation

the microprocessor brought this generation as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.

fourth generation

what generation

as these small computers became more powerful they could be linked together to form networks which eventually led to the development of the internet. this generation also saw the development of gui the mouse and handheld devices

fourth generation

what generation

based on artificial intelligence still in development. the use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

fifth generation

what generation

the goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self organization there are some applications such as voice recognition that are being used today.

the fifth generation

describe the change from first generation to fifth generation

vacuum tube-transistor, integrated circuit, microprocessor-ai

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