Basic computing periods
it is the earliest age of information technology
pre-mechanical
humans communicate using language or simple picture drawings known as pedro clips which were usually carved in rock
premechanical
early alphabets were developed such as the phoenician alphabet
pre-mechanical
this ages when we first start to see connections between our current technology and its ancestors
mechanical
is the time between 3,000 bc and 1450 ad
pre-mechanical
the time between 1450 and 1840
mechanical
a lot of new technologies are developed in this era as there is a large explosion in interest with this area
mechanical
technologies like the slide rule and analog computer used for multiplying and dividing are invented
mechanical
blaise pascal invented the pascaline charles babbage developed the difference engine
mechanical
it can be defined the time between 1840 and 1940
electromechanical
these are the beginnings of telecommunication the telegraph was created in the early 1800s
electromechanical
morse code was created by samuel morse, telephone created by alexander graham bell, the first radio developed by Guglielmo Marconi,
electromechanical
the first large scale automatic digital computer in the united states was the mark 1 created by harvard university around 1940 the computer was 8 ft high 50 ft long 2 ft wide and weight 5 tons huge
electromechanical
this age is what we currently live in define between 1940 and right now
electronic
what generation
the first computers used vacuum tubes for circuit 3 and magnetic drums of memory and were often enormous taking up entire rooms.
first generation
what generation
they were very expensive to operate in addition to using a great deal of electricity generated a lot of heat which was often the cause of malfunctions.
first generation
what generation
it relied on machine language the lowest level programming language understood by computers to perform operations and they could only solve one problem at a time input was based on punch cards and paper tape and output was displayed on printouts
first generation
examples are eniac , edsac univac I, univac II, univac 1101
first generation
what generation
transistors replace vacuum tubes. one transistor replace the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes allowing computers to become smaller faster cheaper and more energy efficient and more reliable.
second generation
what generation
still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer. it moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic or assembly languages which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words
second generation
what generation
still relied on punch cards for input and print outs for output this will also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic or technology
second generation
what generation
examples of univac 111, rca 501, silco transact S-2000, ncr 300 series, ibm 7030 stretch, 7080 7070 7090 series
second generation
what generation
the development of the integrated circuit.
third generation
what generation
transistors were miniatureized and placed on silicon jeeps called semiconductors which drastically increase the speed and efficiency of computers.
third generation
what generation
it could carry out instructions in billionths of a second. much smaller and cheaper compared to the second generation computers.
third generation
what generation
the microprocessor brought this generation as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
fourth generation
what generation
as these small computers became more powerful they could be linked together to form networks which eventually led to the development of the internet. this generation also saw the development of gui the mouse and handheld devices
fourth generation
what generation
based on artificial intelligence still in development. the use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
fifth generation
what generation
the goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self organization there are some applications such as voice recognition that are being used today.
the fifth generation
describe the change from first generation to fifth generation
vacuum tube-transistor, integrated circuit, microprocessor-ai