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hailey

Definition of
“Civilization”

The term “civilization” comes from the Latin word
civitas , meaning “city”. It originally referred to societies made up of cities

Evolving Concept of
Civilization

By the late 1700s, scholars began applying specific criteria to
define civilizations, such as urban living, division of labor, and

advanced agriculture, science, and art

Examples of Ancient
Civilizations

Civilizations like the Shang Dynasty in China, the Aksum
Empire in Ethiopia, and the Abbasid Caliphate in the Middle

East flourished with advances in writing, technology, art, and

military strength.

shang dynasty achievements

Western Bias in
Defining Civilization

For much of history, the term "civilization" was used by
European scholars to label non-European societies as

"uncivilized," often influenced by racial and religious predjustuce

Edward Gibbon and Western Views

British historian Edward Gibbon shaped ideas of civilization
with his work on Ancient Rome, which was admired by

Western societies and used as a model for their own

cultural development

Colonization and “Uncivilized” Societies

Colonizers often labeled cultures they encountered, such as in India, as "uncivilized," justifying exploitation and violence through these racialized categories.

The Inca Empire’s Recognition

Despite lacking certain technologies like writing, the Inca
Empire’s strong government and advanced architecture were

only recognized as a "civilization" after exploration by figures

like Hiram Bingham in the early 1900's

Challenges to Historical Assumptions

Scholars today, including Dr. Paulette Steeves, challenge the idea that Indigenous Americans were "primitive." New research suggests that human settlement in the Americas dates back much earlier than previously believed

New Discoveries in the Americas

In 2018, laser imaging revealed a hidden system of Maya
cities in the Guatemalan jungle, showing that earlier

population estimates were far too low

Rethinking Civilization

Today, many scholars reject the simple divide between "civilized" and "uncivilized," recognizing the complexity and diversity of human societies and the need for a more nuanced understanding of history

What is Cultural Perspective

Cultural perspective refers to how
individuals are shaped by their

environments, social influences, and

cultural factors like nationality, race,

and gender.

Quiz
Web and Internet
German Exam 1.5
DEONTOLOGIA Y RESPONSABILIDAD PROFESIONAL MEDICA
closed book
German Exam 1.4
quiz 4,5
quiz
quiz
1er examen
Flervalsfrågor (mål 4)
Flervalsfrågor (mål 3)
German Exam 1.3
Flervalsfrågor (mål 2)
energibochvtermodynamik
induktans, diod, kondensator
inpedans
all on PLC coils invl meaning
German Exam 1.2
Historia Universal UNAM (2)
German Exam 1.1
German Exam 1
So-bergepp till 25/2
Juridik 4
IF1
anglais
Geografía UNAM (3)
bio 207 6 and 7
syror & baser
Vocabulari
Física UNAM (2)
Traduce_semana_9
prepositions
lesson 1 red book (2)
Nova
Psykologi
Artikulationställe enligt figur
IPA
Artikulationssätt
Citations
Juridik 3
Deutsch
Artikulationsställe
Test 3 Exam book Reading and UoE
what civilization
Examen de patrimonio
M1 -3
french antonyms
examen de unidad
JADE Quotes
Dutch A1