ancient, medieval, modern
Ancient
security, conformity, survival
practical skills, social knowledge
imitation, show and tell, trial and error, indoctrination
primitive
ancient
mesopotamian: preserve military traditions
chinese : preserve and perpetuate traditions
indian : preserve "caste system
oriental
ancient
goal - preservation and perpetuation of culture
content- domestic and vocational ,sciences, religion
methods- dictation, observation, apprenticeship
egyptian
ancient
athenian : develop full rounded citizens, public usefulness, 3 Rs, moral and intellectual training and public speaking
spartan : training of body and mind, physical and military training, training> instruction
greek
ancient
purpose- harmonized body, art and soul
content - 3 R's, grammar, military training
contribution : utilitarianism, patriotism
roman
medieval
purpose - humanism
content - moral and religious training, church doctrine
methods - conventional, gnomic, parallel
early christian church
medieval
goal -salvation of individual souls
content - literacy, manual training, liberal arts
methods - meditation, severe punishment
monastic
medieval
goal -support the doctrine of church by rational/ intellectual discipline
content - religion, philosophy, theology.
methods- lecture, logical analysis, examination
scholastic
medieval
goal - teach best ideals
content -military training, social etiquette, religion
methods - learning by doing
chivalric
medieval
Purpose/Goal: preparation
for commerce and industry,
develop merchant and craft
guilds
•Content: practical and
vocational training
•Methods: mentoring,
teaching by example,
apprenticeship
guild system
medieval
Purpose/Goal: real-world
application of Science, develop
individual and social
initiative
•Content: vocational, Sciences
•Contribution: elementary
schools, financial aid,
organized and balanced
curriculum, application of
scientific method
saracenic
modern
Individualistic: develop
individual personality;
literary expression and
education; established
court and secondary schools
•Social: social reform and
improvement of human
relationship;
individualized instruction,
mastery of the lesson
humanism
modern
Reformation: correct abuses
of church, develop religious
moralists; compulsory, free,
and universal education;
indoctrination
•Catholic Counterreformation: unquestioning
obedience to church
authority; Latin classics;
motivation by rivalry and
emulation
reformation
modern
•Goal: formation of
individual character
•Content: physical and
moral education,
elementary and
secondary education
•Methods: exercises and
drills, SMR steps in
formal discipline
modern
•Goal: develop intellectual,
moral, religious, and humane
society
•Content: literacy and
practical skills, vernacular
education, moral and religious
education
•Contributions: encyclopedia,
teacher studied pupils, adapt
school work to learners’
realism
modern
Social: prepare
aristocratic youth for
life and world affairs
(practical); training for
social disposition; field
trips, tutorial system,
finishing school;
•Sense: harmonious
society, man’s nature;
practical and democratic
education; vernacular
schools; TTW learning
realism