bio 12 quiz on Macro molecules
the monomer of a carb is a...
monosaccaride
how does your body use carbs?
short term and long term energ
how many carbon is hexose? pentose?
H:6 and P:5
when many glucose molecules join together and water is released, what is this process called?
dehydration systhesis
when many glucose molecules link together theyre called....
polysaccaride
glucose is broken down in ur body in a processs called...
hydrolosis or glydrolosis
name 3 monosaccarides
a. ribose b. galactose c. fructose d.glucose e. deoxyribose
name 3 disaccarides
a. sucrose b. maltose c. lactose
name 3 polysaccarides and wherther theyre Plant or Animal made
a. starch:P b. glycogen:A c.cellulose:P e. chitin:PA
what is interesting about cellulose
humans do not have the enzyme to digest cellulose in our bodies.
name 2 disaccarides and what mono's you need to make them
lactose: glucose and galactose Maltose: two glucose Sucrose: fructose and glucose
what are two polysaccarides produced by animals
chitin and glycogen
what are 2 polys produced by plants
starch and cellulose
what is glycogen
the storage form of sugers when it comes to carbs
the monomer of a protien is a....
amino acid
what are the 3 simplest AA's
amino acids, nucleotides and suger monomers
how many amino acids in the body?
20
what part of the molecule determines the AA
the R group
which type of bond connect amino acids togethers
peptide bonds
amino acids are attached together in a process called...
peptide linkage or dehydration reaction
once a protien is formed it will form a 3d shape we call...
tertiary
what is the process when a protien changes shape
denaturation
how does your body use protiens
help support and structure or they do the jobs
three foods that protiens can be found in?
1. meat 2. nuts 3. milk 4. eggs
name the 4 levels when it comes to protiens
1. one strand of amino acids joined together in a polypeptide chain 2. polypeptide chain twists into an Alpha Helix 3. the Alpha Helix chain twists into a 3d shape 4. several of these polyeptide 3d shapes twist together OR multiple tertiary strands twist together
when the fatty acid contains one or more double bonds they are called....
unsaturated
how does your body use lipids
long term energy, cushion organs and as an insulating layor
two foods that lipids can be found in
1. oil 2. lard
which macromolecule releases MORE energy when broken down carb or lipid
lipid
a molecule with a phosphate and choline group is called a....
phospholipid
where can you find phospholipids
cell membranes
the monomer of a nucleic acid is called a...
nucleotide
how does your body use nucleic acids?
to store and transmit genetic info
in DNA what are the 4 nucleic acids?
1, atenine 2, cytocine 3, guanine and 4, thymine
what nucleic acid does RNA have that DNA doesnt and why
1, uracil because they swap U for T
what are the 2 major functions of DNA
pass on info and transmit info
how many bonds to each have.... carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
C:4 H:1 C:2 N:3 P:8-12
what bonds does starch have, cellulose?
starch: alpha Cellulose: beta
whats a isomer?
cousins: same chem formula but different structure (glucose and fructose)
whats the difference between deoxyribe and ribose
deoxy: c5h10o4 and ribose: c5h10o5 for ribose you can use the emperical formula to simplify it down to ch2o
lipids have less what and more what
less oxygen and more hydrogen
the head of a fatty acid is what
polar: it likes water (the gylcerol)
what is a carboxyl group?
organic acid group (COOH)
all amino acids have two whats and what is diffenet
they all have Amine group and a carboxyl group but the R group differs
how many essential amino acids are there?
9 essential and we make 11
the type of protien deoends on what...
SHAPE order, amount
what causes denaturation
heat, pH and heavy metals
what bonds in a peptide linkage
the C with the N: C-N
what is a saturdated and unsaturated fat at room temp
sat: solid and unsat: liquid
unsaturdated hve 2 bonds explain
they can have trans or cis bonds when you get a double bond, cis the H are on the same side while trans theyre oposite
when it comes to phospholipids what does the head like vs the legs
the heads like water while the legs dont: 0= =0 the legs face each other and the heads face the water
which fat has a straight chain?
saturated, unsat has a kinked one
last lipid we talked about
steroids
PAG?
purines: atenine and guanine and they are DOUBLE RINGED
Pyrimidines
cytocine, uracil and thymine they are SINGLE RINGED