PSYC-2018 Quiz
What is authority is psychology?
Basing our beliefs on what others are telling us
Guiding principal of early learning
What are the three ways of knowing
1) Authority
2) Reason/Logical
3) Empiricism/Direct experience
What is pseudoscience?
Fake Science.
Tries to make something seem like real science
Ex. Placebo
What does pseudoscience ignore?
Counter instances: One person who recieves a benefit may not be directly attributed to their product
What are the 5 general principles of ethical research
1) Beneficence and non-maleficence: Just be benefical to society
2) Fidelity and responsibility: Aware of responsibility to society
3) Integrity
4) Justice
5) Respect for human rights
What is the institutional review board
A board that looks at expiermental studies and decides if they need a formal review
What is informed consent?
Giving people enough information to decide if they want to participate. Outline all potential risks.
Can deception be used in research?
Yes, it is used to make participants act naturally. You can tell people they are there for a different reason.
When is consent not needed in research?
Surveys: completeing it implies consent
Education: Show up to class means consent to learning
Observational research: Looking at things as they naturallt exist
What is assent to research
Even if childrens parents allow them to participate in a study they also must say yes.
Can researchers provide any reward they want for studies?
No, they cannot make rewards so good that people will only participate becayse of the reward
What is involved in the debreifing of a participant?
1) Dehoaxing
2) Desensitizing: Bring them back to a stable state
3) Confidentiality: Not sharing with those who do not need to know
What is hard about research online?
- Hard to ensure consent: Can't ensure participants are actually reading consent forms
- Hard to debrief
What must be done with animals after they are experimented on?
Humanely cared for or destroyed
What is the basis for educational research on animals?
Use as few animals as possible
What are the two main pieces of scientific fraud
Plagiarism
Falsifying data
What is basic research's purpose
Used to understand fundemental phenomena and gain deeper understanding
What is the purpose of applied research?
To solve specific issues
What is Quantitative data?
Statistical and quantifiable data
What is qualitative research
Descriptive research, doesn't use much numbers
What are empirical question?
Questions that are answerable with data/questions/observation with defined terms
What is an operational defintion?
A way that clearly defines a specific variable
Ex. Hunger=12 hours
What are converging operations?
Using multiple research methods
What are the six sources of research ideas
1) Our own observations
2) Psychological theories
3) Existing research
4) From observation
5) From serendipitous
6) The nature of theory
Are theories ever true or false?
No, The outcomes only fail to support the thoery
What are the three attributes of a good theory
1) Productivity
2) Falsififcation
3) Parsimony
What is producitvity?
Research the advances our knowledge
What is falsification?
Somethinf can be shown to be wrong
What is parsimony?
Providing a simple explaination for results
What is direct replication
Replication of the original study
What is conceptual replication?
Partial replication of a study that replaces or adds features, extends a studies findings.
What are programs of research?
A series of unrelated studies
What is lower theory or fact?
Theory
What is deductive reasoning?
Using basic knolwedge to come to a conclussion