CHAPTER 3: TYPICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (PART 2)
EXCESSIVE MOTOR and COGNITIVE ACTIVITY, usually NONPRODUCTIVE and in RESPONSE to INNER TENSION
Psychomotor Agitation
HYPERACTIVITY (HYPERKINESIS) is defined as:
Restless, aggressive, destructive activity, often associated with underlying brain pathology
Also known as HYPERKINESIS defined as RESTLESS, AGGRESSIVE, DESTRUCTIVE activity, often associated with underlying BRAIN PATHOLOGY
Hyperactivity
It refers to an INVOLUNTARY, SPASMODIC MOTOR movement
Tic
SLEEPWAKING is also known __________ that refers to MOTOR ACTIVITy during SLEEP.
Somnambulism
SLEEPWALKING (SOMNAMBULISM) refers to:
Motor activity during sleep
It is best described as: subjective feeling of MUSCULAR TENSION caused by ANTIPSYCHOTIC or other medications, often LEADING to RESTLESSNESS and PACING
Akathisia
What is COMPULSION?
Uncontrollable impulse to perform an act repetitively
DIPSOMANIA refers to:
Compulsion to drink alcohol
KLEPTOMANIA refers to:
Compulsion to steal
OVERACTIVITY is:
Excessive motor activity in response to outer stimuli
NYMPHOMANIA refers to:
Excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a woman
SATYRIASIS is defined as:
Excessive and compulsive need for coitus in a man
A RITUAL in this context is:
Automatic compulsive activity, anxiety-reducing in origin
Describe as FAILURE of MUSCLE COORDINATION; IRREGULARITY of MUSCLE ACTION
Ataxia
Refers to COMPULSION to PULL OUT HAIR
Trichotillomania
AUTOMATIC COMPULSIVE Activity, ANXIETY-REDUCING in ORIGIN
Ritual
POLYPHAGIA refers to:
Pathological overeating
A TREMOR is characterized by:
Rhythmical alteration in movement, usually faster than one beat a second
Refers to AIMLESS PICKING, usually of CLOTHING or BEDCLOTHES, commonly seen in DELIRIUM
Flocculation
HYPOACTIVITY (HYPOKINESIS) is defined as:
Decreased motor and cognitive activity, visible slowing of thought, speech, and movements
Also known as HYPOKINESIS defined as DECREASED MOTOR and COGNITIVE activity, VISIBLE SLOWING of THOUGHT, SPEECH, and MOVEMENTS
Hypoactivity
Refers to SIMPLE, IMITATIVE MOTOR activity of CHILDHOOD
Mimicry
AGGRESSION is defined as:
Forceful, goal-directed action that may be verbal or physical
Refers to DIRECT EXPRESSION of an UNCONSCIOUS WISH or IMPULSE in ACTION
Acting out
Characterized by REDUCED IMPULSE to ACT and THINK, with INDIFFERENCE ABOUT CONSEQUENCES
Abulia
ANERGIA refers to:
Lack of energy
ASTASIA-ABASIA is described as:
Inability to stand or walk normally, despite being able to perform leg movements while sitting or lying down
COPROPHAGIA is the act of:
Eating of filth or feces
Refers to DIFFICULTY PERFORMING VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
Dyskinesia
Characterized by State in which the MUSCLES REMAIN IMMOVABLE
Muscle rigidity
is a SIGN that may be present in AUTISTIC children who CONTINUALLY ROTATE in the DIRECTION their HEAD IS TURNED
Twirling
It is defined as SLOW MOTOR activity with DECREASED NORMAL, SPONTANEOUS MOVEMENT
Bradykinesia
Characterized by RANDOM and involuntary QUICK, JERKY PURPOSELESS MOVEMENTS
Chorea
Refers to involuntary, VIOLENT MUSCULAR CONTRACTION or SPASM
Convulsion
CLONIC CONVULSION is defined as:
Alternating muscle contractions and relaxations
TONIC CONVULSION is characterized by:
Sustained muscle contraction
A SEIZURE is best described as:
An attack or sudden onset of symptoms like convulsions or loss of consciousness
A generalized TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE includes:
Generalized tonic-clonic movements, tongue biting, and gradual recovery
A SIMPLE PARTIAL SEIZURE is:
A localized seizure without altered consciousness
A COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURE involves:
A localized seizure with altered consciousness
This is characterized by SLOW, SUSTAINED CONTRACTIONS of the TRUNK OR LIMBS
Dystonia
Refers to 'INABILITY to MAKE or UNDERSTAND GESTURES
Amimia
THINKING is defined as:
Goal-directed flow of ideas, symbols, and associations leading toward a reality-oriented conclusion
ABSTRACT THINKING refers to the ability to:
Grasp the essentials of the whole into its parts and discern common properties
Characterized by CLINICALLY significant BEHAVIORAL or PSYCHOLOGICAL SYNDROME associated with DISTRESS or DISABILITY
Mental Disorder
Defined as IMPAIRED REALITY TESTING with the CREATION of a NEW REALITY
Psychosis
REALITY TESTING involves:
Objective evaluation and judgment of the world outside the self
A FORMAL THOUGHT DISORDER refers to:
Disturbance in the form of thought instead of the content
Characterized by GRATIFYING UNFULFILLED DESIRES with NO REGARD for REALITY. preoccupation with INNER, PRIVATE WORLD.
Autistic thinking
Characterized by THINKING that CONTAINS ERRONEOUS CONCLUSIONS or INTERNAL CONTRADICTIONS
Illogical thinking
DEREISM is defined as:
Mental activity not concordant with logic or experience
Refers to a form of DEREISTIC THOUGHT similar to that of the PREOPERATIONAL PHASE in CHILDREN
Magical thinking
Is a GENERAL TERM for THINKING that is DEREISTIC, ILLOGICAL, MAGICAL; normally FOUND in DREAMS, ABNORMAL in psychosis.
Primary process thinking
Best describes as a DEEP LEVEL of UNDERSTANDING that LEADS to POSITIVE CHANGES in PERSONALITY and BEHAVIOR
Emotional insight
Refers to a NEW WORD CREATED by PATIENTS, often from COMBINING SYLLABLEs of other WORDS, for IDIOSYNCRATIC.
Neologims
Refers to INCOHERENT MIXTURES of WORDS and PHRASES
Word salad
CIRCUMSTANTIALITY is characterized by:
Indirect speech that is delayed in reaching the point but eventually gets there
Refers to INABILITY to have GOAL-DIRECTED ASSOCIATIONS of THOUGHT; patient NEVER gets to the point
Tangentiality
The PERSISTENT RESPONSE to a PRIOR STIMULUS even after a NEW ONE has been PRESENTED
Perseveration
INCOHERENCE in speech is:
Speech that is generally not understandable due to disorganized thoughts with no grammatical connection
best described as MEANINGLESS REPETITION of SPECIFIC WORDS or PHRASES
Verbigeration
REPETITION of words or phrases SPOKEN BY ANOTHER PERSON
Echolalia
What is an IRRELEVANT ANSWER?
A response that is not in harmony with the question asked
LOOSENING OF ASSOCIATIONS refers to:
A flow of thought where ideas shift in a completely unrelated manner
best described as GRADUAL or SUDDEN DEVIATION in a TRAIN of thought WITHOUT BLOCKING
Derailment
is characterized by RAPID, CONTINUOUS VERBALIZATIONS that PRODUCE CONSTANT SHIFTING from ONE IDEA TO ANOTHER
Flight of ideas
ASSOCIATION of WORDS SIMILAR in SOUND but NOT in MEANING, often INVOLVING RHYMING or PUNNING
Clang associations
BLOCKING occurs when:
A thought process is abruptly interrupted and the person cannot recall what was being said
Refers to the EXPRESSION of a REVELATORY MESSAGE THROUGH UNINTELLIGIBLE WORDS
Glossolalia
Refers to SPEECH that GIVES LITTLE INFORMATION due to VAGUENESS or REPETITION
Poverty of content
An OVERVALUED IDEA is:
An unreasonable, sustainable belief that is less firmly held than a delusion
Refers to the FUSION of VARIOUS CONCEPTS INTO ONE FUSION of VARIOUS CONCEPTS INTO ONE
Condensation
A FALSE BELIEF, based on INCORRECT INFERENCE about EXTERNAL REALITY, that CANNOT BE CORRECTED BY REASONING
Delusion
What is a BIZARRE DELUSION?
An absurd, totally implausible, very strange false belief
SYSTEMATIZED DELUSION refers to:
False beliefs that are united by a single event or theme
A DELUSION whose CONTENT is APPROPRIATE to the PATIENT’S MOOD
Mood-congruent Delusion
best described as a FALSE BELIEF that SELF, OTHERS, or the WORLD is NON-EXISTENT or ENDING
Nihilistic delusion
DELUSION OF POVERTY refers to:
A false belief that one is bereft or will lose all material possessions
SOMATIC DELUSION involves:
False beliefs involving the functioning of one's body
PARANOID DELUSIONS include all of the following EXCEPT:
Delusions related to sleep patterns
DELUSIONS OF PERSECUTION involve:
A false belief that one is being harassed, cheated, or persecuted
This is often FOUND in LITIGIOUS PATIENTS who have PATHOLOGICAL TENDENCY to take LEGAL ACTION because of IMAGINED MISTREATMENT.
Delusions of persecution
Refers to EXAGGERATED CONCEPTION of ONE’S IMPORTANCE, POWER or IDENTITY.
Delusions of grandeur
Refers to a false belief that the BEHAVIOR of OTHERS REFERS TO ONE’S SELF; that the events, objects, or other people have a particular and unusual significance, usually of NEGATIVE NATURE; DERIVED from IDEAS of REFERENCE in which ONE FALSELY FEELS that ONE is BEING TALKED BY
OTHERS.
Delusions of reference
What is a DELUSION OF SELF-ACCUSATIONS?
A false feeling of remorse and guilt
DELUSIONS OF CONTROL involve:
A false belief that one’s will, thoughts, or feelings are controlled by external forces
DELUSIONS OF CONTROL include all of the following EXCEPT:
Thought enhancement
A false belief, DERIVED from PATHOLOGICAL JEALOUSY, that ONE’S LOVER IS UNFAITHFUL
Delusions of infidelity
A DELUSIONAL BELIEF, often in WOMEN, that a MAN IS DEEPLY IN LOVE WITH THEM
Erotomania
PSEUDOLOGIA PHANTASTICA refers to:
A type of lying where the person believes in the reality of their fantasies
What is meant by "TREND or PREOCCUPATION OF THOUGHT"?
The centering of thought content around a particular idea with strong affective tone
Refers to PATHOLOGICAL SELF-PREOCCUPATION.
Egomania
What does MONOMANIA refer to?
Preoccupation with a single object
Refers to EXAGGERATED CONCERN over ONE’S HEALTH that is NOT BASED on a REAL ORGANIC PATHOLOGY, but rather on UNREALISTIC INTERPRETATION of PHYSICAL SIGNS and SENSATIONS as ABNORMAL.
Hypochondria
What is an OBSESSION?
A persistent and irresistible(attractive) thought
Refers to PATHOLOGICAL NEED to ACT on an IMPULSE which is RESISTED, PRODUCES ANXIETY; REPETITIVE BEHAVIOr in RESPONSE to a OBSESSION or performed according to CERTAIN RULES, with NO TRUE END in itself other than to PREVENT something from OCCURRING in the FUTURE.
Compulsion
What is COPROLALIA?
Compulsive utterance of obscene words
Refers to a PERSISTENT, IRRATIONAL, and EXAGGERATED FEAR of a SPECIFIC STIMULUS
Phobia