Chem
What is MATTER?
Note that MASS and WEIGHT are NOT the same thing!!!
What did Empedocles (450 bc) theorize?
proposed that matter was made of FOUR ELEMENTS: earth, water, air, fire
What did Democritus 400 BC believe?
Suggested that MATTER was made up of tiny PARTICLES, which couldn’t be BROKEN DOWN any farther.
He also thought that DIFFERENT TYPES of MATTER were made of DIFFERENT KINDS of ATOMS.
why want democritus believed?
because Socrates didn't believe it was true
What did Aristotle believe?
He believed EMPEDOCLES’ theory about the FOUR ELEMENTS + he believed in transmutation (that one form of matter could be turned into another)
who were the alchemists?
The Alchemists were the first people to perform experiments.
what were the alchemists' goals?
• Change base metals (tin, lead) into valuable gold.
• Find the substance for eternal life.
• Produce a universal solvent to dissolve all substances.
why are the alchemists important?
• discovered many elements and their properties, and created
chemical symbols for them.
• invented many lab tools that we still use today. (beakers,
filters, distillation apparatus, etc.)
• actually performed experiments.
who is Sir Frances Bacon (1561‐1626)?
(1561‐1626)
• New knowledge must be based on experimentation, and not speculation
• Experiments must be repeatable.
Robert Boyle
(1627‐1691)
• Did not believe the four‐element theory.
• Showed that substances could be mixed to form compounds
Joseph Priestly
(late 1700’s)
• Was the first person to isolate oxygen scientifically
Antoine Lavoisier
(1743‐1794)
• Discovered over 23 different elements
• Determined air is made of oxygen and other gases.
• Was guillotined in the reign of terror
what is an element?
a pure substance that cannot chemically be broken down
into simpler substances.
what was john daltons model?
Dalton’s atomic theory is also known as the “BILLIARD BALL MODEL”
,
since he believed that atoms were just tiny SPHERES.
Joseph John (J.J.) Thompson (1904)?
- discovered the electron
- Thompson’s theory is also called the “RAISIN BUN” or “PLUM
PUDDING” or “BLUEBERRY MUFFIN” model: it has a sphere of positive charge with negative particles inside
Ernest Rutherford 1911
he discovered a DENSE, POSITIVELY charged
NUCLEUS.
Rutherford developed what we call the NUCLEAR MODEL
The nucleus is a tiny, dense, positively charged core
• Protons are in the nucleus
• The nucleus is surrounded by mostly empty space.
• Electrons are moving outside the nucleus in an electron cloud.
Niels Bohr
He proposed that:
• Electrons move around the nucleus in orbits (like planets around the sun).
• Each orbit is an energy level – Higher orbits have more energy.
• Electrons cannot exist between orbits
• Electrons are more stable at lower energy levels.
• The order of filling electrons is 2 - 8 - 8.
Atomic Number
The NUMBER of PROTONS in the NUCLEUS of an atom
Atomic Mass
The AVERAGE MASS of an atom of an element / Is the TOTAL of the NUMBER of NEUTRONS and PROTONS in the
NUCLEUS of an atom.
1864 – John Newlands
Law of OCTAVES which stated that elements REPEATED their chemical
properties every EIGHTH element
1868 – Lothar Meyer
recognised a pattern when elements were organised by mass
1869 ‐ Dimitri Mendeleev
He also arranged the 63 known elements in order of their ATOMIC MASSES
and also saw the repeating pattern of properties.
Mendeleev left empty spaces for undiscovered elements.
what are the features of the current periodic table?
HORIZONTAL ROWS on the periodic table, with the numbering
system 1‐7 from TOP to BOTTOM of the periodic table.
• Each PERIOD represents an ENERGY LEVEL (ELECTRON SHELL)
what are the qualities of non-metals?
non shiny, not malleable, not ductile, poor conductor
what are the qualities of metals?
shiny lustre, very malleable, ductile, good conductor, solid at room temp (except mercury)
what are the qualities of metalloids?
shiny or dull, poor conductors, brittle, not ductile, solid at room temp
metals make up ___ of the periodic table
75%
non-metals make up ___ of the periodic table
15%
metalloids make up ___ of the periodic table
6%
what are the signs of a chemical change?
1. BUBBLES
2. PRECIPITATE FORMS
4. LIGHT IS EMITTED
6. TEMPERATURE CHANGE
10.CHANGE IN DISTINCT CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
| Cuestionario |
|---|
| SOC109 |
| chemistry |
| Chapter 1 |
| bonus criminel |
| L'agression (chap8) |
| sc.hum quiz 3 |
| Vacios Humanos |
| Arrêts droit administratif S4 |
| Sanitair |
| L'attraction interpersonnelle (chap 7) |
| Englisch |
| Externredovisning 2 |
| DWI |
| latin chapters 6-11 |
| 🧮Contare e calcolare |
| micronutrimentj'espère que y a pas de faute |
| Verbos en aleman |
| 💳Il denaro p. 101 |
| K number |
| topics 5 and 6 |
| physics equations |
| contrôle PA et volémie |
| english words for pronunciation and spelling |
| Economics Intro Glossary |
| math area formulasformulas for area in maths |
| quiz - copy - copy |
| quiz - copy |
| real quiz |
| Chapter 12 Nervous Systems |
| Wk 11 Dermatitis Conditions |
| Normes et normalisations (chap 4) |
| Facilitation et paresse sociale (chap 3) |
| Socialisation et isolement sociale (chap 2) |
| Intro à la PS (chap 1) |
| Soumission à l'autorité (chap 6) |
| Le conformisme (chap 5) |
| proprietà prove |
| Enthalpy definitions |
| Histoir |
| svt chapitre 1-2 tp1-6yes |
| Geriatria |
| scheikunde: H10 organische chemie |
| Chemical tests |
| scheikunde: H3 organische verbindingen |
| 동사 🏃♂️🏌️♂️🧘♀️verbs in original form |
| topics 3 and 4 |
| Metabolism pathways - Biochem Semester 2 |
| Ekologi Presentationen |
| frans boek a voc ef |
| HGE |
| Arbete energi och effekt |
| RENAL SKILL-A-THON 2024Get 3 correct answers out of 5, and you will get a Prize! Enjoy |
| Chapter 10: Chemistry of the environment |
| Chapter 9 - Metals |
| anglaish j cy |
| Abordagem Psicológica |
| Bonjour |
| The Bagels recept |
| Koine Greek Ch. 28 Irregular Adjectives & Adverbs |
| Koine Greek Ch. 27 Pronouns |
| Koine Greek Ch. 26 Contact Verbs |
| Anglo Saxon and Norman England |
| Sociale en organisatiepsychologie |
| Document 1 |
| latin vocab chapters 1-5 |
| the living world geography |
| atomic structure physics |
| history h4 |
| topics 1 and 2 |
| histoire |
| Korean Language Vocabularybasic phrases in Korean |
| chinese numbers |
| Chapter 7: Acids, bases and salts |
| Study you slutaaaaa |
| biological influences on sex and gender |
| ✩･:*German ⭒✩･: 2.0 |
| musica bring to me - Evanescente |
| revolution française |
| Biologisk psykologi |
| le monde des cites greques |
| meny |
| Spanish 🇨🇷🇲🇽 |
| Science- Symbol |
| Science- Atomic Number |
| sex roles and androgyny |
| PSICOLOGIA DA APRENDIZAGEM |
| PROCESSOS EVOLUTIVOS DO COMPORTAMENTO |
| GENÉTICA E COMPORTAMENTO HUMANO |
| PROCESSOS PSICOLÓGICOS BÁSICOS |
| NEUROCIÊNCIAS E COMPORTAMENTO |
| tutorial lab 4 |
| Grammar |
| Parametri animali da compagnia |
| L2 S2 : OJUE : Introduction (1) |
| jaartallen |
| Employee benefits |
| PSAD TERMS |
| twilightcool |
| TRANSPO TERMS |
| Latin tenses (EoY) |
| dugga 1anatomi |
| MSTE LOOKSFAM |
| MSTC 3 PHYSICS, SURVEYING, & TRANSPO |
| LITTONS 2 |
| LITTONS 1 |
| Latin and Greek Set 10 |
| engineering |
| 211 Lecture 16 |
| Dislexia |
| ANATOMOFISIOLOGIA CEREBRAL |
| analise do comportamento |
| quiz espagnol |
| vokieciu zodziai |
| Muscles - Cell Biology Semester 2 |
| IATA CODES BATCH 2 |
| Rörelse |
| ämnesomsättning |
| människokroppenlol |
| hållbar utvecklinglol |
| ekologi |
| Engels Vocabulairy 2.1 t/m 2.4 |
| tiktok pov Donner 114 pov tiktok de femme des prophète et femme des compagnons eDonner 114 pov tiktok de femme des prophète et femme des compagnons et femme des amis de mes copine islam |
| HGE 2 |
| SkogsbrandskunskapI den här Quizen har jag försökt täcka de viktigaste frågorna i utbildningen som tar upp skogsbrandens beteende.
OBS! Jag frånskriver mig allt ansvar från eventuella felformuleringar, fel information... |
| completer un schema du coeur |
| .00important |
| unit 8 test |
| Chapter 6 - Chemical Reactions |
| Chapter 5 - Chemical Energetics |
| Chapter 4 - Electrochemistry |
| prostodoncia total parcial 1 |
| Construction terms |
| Nuclear weapons |
| The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo |
| Female protagonists |
| Olympic records |
| Revolutionary Technology |
| Cloud Providers |
| inelegibilidad e incompatibilidad |
| Bitcoin and blockchain |
| FAR Fair Value Measurement. |
| Ekologi |
| tyska prov |
| CHAPTER 6: Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development |
| CHAPTER 5: KAREN HORNEY |
| CHAPTER 4: MELANIE KLEIN OBJECT RELATION THEORY |
| CHAPTER 3: CARL JUNG “ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY” |
| anatomi |
| Bedrijfskunde |
| preposition |
| AK AW 3 |
| Anatomie |
| psykologi |
| Immunite inné |
| l'immunite inné et adaptative |
| strophe |
| rimes |
| comptage pied |
| forme fixe poesie |
| pollution |
| Pteridófitas |
| Briofitas |
| Figuras de linguagem |
| fysik |
| Light- Rarefraction and Snell's law |
| Light- color and polarization |
| Light- concave and convex mirrors |
| Light- reflecton and light |
| PONR SECTOR 1 |
| 과일 🍓🍏🍌 |
| history quiz |
| Construction Solving looksfam |
| HGE 1 |
| Chapter 10 Muscle tissue |
| Social Psychology |
| history 2 |
| SDR Objection handlingh |
| Metod och statistik psykologi 2 |
| Tarea para |
| révision espagnol femme |
| 232 Changing Weight & Body CompositionWeek 10 |
| Collection de joaillerie, rose des vents de la maison Christian Dior |
| rose des vents dior joaillerie |
| So-begrepp (12 sista) |
| So-begrepp (12 första) |
| spaans pww |
| Evolution |
| Begrepp |
| functionalism |
| roles, status & stereotypes |
| sociology |
| Glosor 2/4 |
| chem test |
| cours 7 semestre 2 droit civil |
| competencias |
| POH R22 |
| GS TOETS AW 3 |
| Traitement du LE : modélisations et évaluation |
| inglese giulia |
| crpe |
| cyber security 13 |
| cyber security 12 |
| cyber security 11 |
| it management 8-9 |
| 232 HydrationWeek 9 lectures |
| WW1 |
| Transition metal ion colours |
| lessico inglese |
| Näringslära |
| 260 |
| Engels Vocabulairy 1.1 t/m 1.4 - copy |
| FAR Leases |
| Filipino |
| economie |
| segnaliflashard segnali |
| Cardiology Drugs |
| Osteologia |
| Biology Unit |
| cardiovascular syatem |
| health |
| physical educ. |
| Engels Vocabulairy 1.1 t/m 1.4 |
| biologia |
| American Gov Vocab |
| artspls |
| musicsir cassi f u |
| english |
| 10 theories |
| Romantismo Brasileiro |
| Arcadismo |
| Economia, política e religião da grécia antiga |
| Economia persa, evolução política persa e religião persa |
| Hebreus |
| Fenícios |
| Egito antigo |
| Mesopotamia |
| Período Neolítico |
| Período Paleolítico |
| anglais aeroportuaire |
| International Appetizers |
| Appetizers |
| Definition of Terms |
| Chaussant du pied diabetique |
| Bio 112L Urinary System |
| Latinska namn |
| Income from other sources |
| capital gain |
| week 10-acne trts |
| b |
| Vocabulaire de la semaine 12 |
| anglverbes irréguliers |
| Modalities Final Theory Exam Review |
| Modalities Midterm |
| Acustica |
| français |
| Apparato Gastrointestinale |
| crime and law modern studies national 5 |
| modern studies national 5 |
| Gs hs 4 |
| RECRUTAMENTO INTERNO,EXTERNO E MISTO |
| Russian Revolution |
| f 4 |
| sam |
| sammy |
| módulo 1 Q |
| french testi need to remember these words |
| cyber security 12 |
| cyber security 13 |
| cyber security chapter 11 |
| the geography of italy |
| Hamletthe book 'hamlet' by shakespeare |
| verifica storia 26/03fascismo in italia |
| il barone rampante dal capitolo 20 al 30 |
| irish orals 26-31 |
| irish orals 14-2514-25 |
| Comportamentos Éticos e Compliance |
| Salud |
| Besöksnäring-Turism |
| equazioni e disequazioni logaritmiche |
| Signes cliniques des aphasies, grands tableaux sémiologiques |
| irish orals 1-13question 1- 13 |
| Déf et étiologies des aphasies |
