Lesson 2 - Matter and Properties
It is anything that occupies space and mass.
Matter
It is a form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties.
Substance
The matter can be seen with human eye.
Macroscopic Level
It is too small to be seen by the naked eye, seen under a microscope.
Microscopic Level (L=10^-⁶)
It is too small to be seen with even the most powerful optical microscope.
Particulate Matter [L = 1 Angstrom (A) = 10^-¹⁰]
It is the fourth form of matter or fourth state of matter and has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape it is often seen in ionized gases and distinct from a gas because it possesses unique properties it may be formed by heating and ionizing a gas and is made of atoms that have been reaped apart into ions and electrons it is also gas like and usually very hot. Sun is made up of plasma.
Plasma
It can be separated by chemical means.
Pure Elements
It cannot be seen separated into simpler substances. Examples are hydrogen (H), iron (Fe) and carbon (C)
Elements
It is composed of atoms or two or more elements. Examples are water (H2o), carbon dioxide )CO2) and acetone (C3H6O)
Compounds
It can be separated by physical means.
Mixtures
The components are not uniformly distributed and can be easily seen separately. Examples are suspensions, emulsions, solid sol and aerosols.
Heterogenous
The components are uniformly formed and cannot be seen separately. Examples are gas mixtures, solutions and alloys.
Homogeneous
During this the chemical properties of substances do not change. Examples are evaporation or condensation, or melting or freezing.
Physical Changes
During this chemical properties of substances do change.
Examples are: iron rusting and magnesium burns in oxygen.
Chemical Changes
It is a state of matter formed when a gas is cooled to temperature is very close to absolute zero. (T=O K°)
Bose-Einstein Condensate
Bose-Einstein Condensate is developed by who in early 1920s?
Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein
This are considered as the 'superfluid'.
Condensates
It is a quick way to show the composition of compounds and this notation is used by scientist to show the number and type of atoms presented in a molecule, using the atomic symbols and numerical subscripts.
Chemical Formula
What are the states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
Since chemical changes takes place during chemical reactions when reactants particle rearrange and bonds between atoms. What happens to the bonds?
Bonds break into reactants
Bonds form in products
Do not depend on the amount of matter in a substance.
Intensive Properties
Depend on the amount of matter in a substance.
Extensive Properties