Animal Systems
what are the 4 main steps in digestion?
ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion
what defines a simple animal system?
simple animals have a digestive sac with a single opening into the body cavity, which serves as BOTH an entrance and exit.
What defines a complex animal system?
they digest food along the digestive tract that has 2 openings: one for INTAKE, 1 for EGESTION.
earthworm (complex animal) digestive tract steps (6)
1: food enters the MOUTH
2: food travels through PHARYNX to ESOPHAGUS
3: food goes to CROP for temparary storage
4: food goes from CROP to GIZZARD
5: food goes from GIZZARD to INTESTINES
6: WASTE exits through ANUS
what are the small intestine subsections?
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
what are the large intestine subsections?
1. ascending colon
2. transverse colon
3.descending colon
4. sigmoid (cya later!) colon
what are the 2 other names for the digestive tract?
1. Digestive tract
2. Gastrointestinal tract
3. alimenary canal
what is the role of a digestive system?
to absorb nutrients and deliver them to capillaries
what is the role of the "Lumen"
highly specialized to break down and absorb nutrients into the circ. system
what structure is the wall of the digestive system called?
Lumen
What are large complex organic molecules called?
Macromolecules
Macromolecules = polymers
what do polymers consist of?
identical/similar building blocks
what are the building blocks in polymers called?
identical/similar building blocks strung together are called "monomer"
what is a nutrient?
substance used by an organism in order to produce energy and survive
define the terms "metabolism", "catabolism", and "anabolism"
METABOLISM: chemical reaction which turns food into energy
CATABOLISM: the breakdown of complex molecules into simple ones
ANABOLISM: simple molecules build up/combine to create complex ones (DNA, RNA)
what are the 4 thpes of macromolecules? (butter pasta & tomato with steak)
1. carbohydrates -pasta
2. lipids (fat) - butter
3. nucleic acid - tomatoes
4. proteins -steak
what does the Lugol's test find?
turns black-blue in presence of starch
what does the Sudan IV Lipid test find?
turns pink in presence of lipids/fat
what does the Translucence Lipid test find?
lipids allow the transmission of light through brown paper
what does the monosaccharaide test find? (benedicts reagent)
turns red-brown in presence of mono/disaccharides
what does the protein test find? (biuret reagent)
reacts with peptide bonds in protein. starts blue in NO presence of protein, turns pink, violet or purple in peresence of proteins.