history final
Five fundamental characteristics of our world
Material, spaatial, temporal, idelational, polticial
What are the 3 Cs'
casaulity, contingency,comparison
networks
horizontal structures that link different human, a structure of connections
Low and slow
Low productivity and slow communications
Very little wealth
Slow communication- ideas would take a long time to spread.
Essentially your village or tiny community is your world for your entire life
Population in the agrarian era was low and scattered
No middle class, there were only the elites and the commoners with distinction of wealth and status
Limited goods and transport created and political good embarked this exchange of such good occurred logically
Pyramid as an aragrain state worked because of the network that led to the hierarchies and no middle class, the shift was slow and essentially wouldn't happen
Mass democracies were impossible.
Status of elites
Priests
Scribes
warriors
Politics during the agrarian era was personal
The main job of being an elite was building these systems and keeping them happy
Agrarian commoners two main sources of income
Agriculture
Next generation of workers
Public and private sphere
both halves of the pyramid is crucial.
twocultural things
frame and screen
cuktural frame
Ideas considers natural, or morally unquestionable
above the line of great cultural divide elites speak and write a language that proved their statue and culture
Elite culture was connected through there
Non elite culture remained oral because the education was afforded by the elites
network and heirarchies
Networks and hierarchies coexisted every community had its own internal organisation as well as link to internal communities
Network-hierarchy intersections:
creative tension, conflict, cooperation, and coercion
Merchant dilemma
rulers and elites guarded positions that justified were forgiven goods and ideas of the merchant, Agrarian elites mistrusted them
People operating across network–hierarchy intersections:
merchants, officials, and travellers
Capitalism
Private ownership of capital
Division of capital and labour
Profits accrue to owners of capital
Black death caused labour shortage
Agrarian hierarchies responded with elite power and decline with peasant power
Late mediaeval England did this, the lord of manners tried to restore order and mobilise the remaining tenets, parliament passed a statute of labour.
what are some conseuquences with the black death in europe
More diverse economic
Urban merchant society
Formed a tumour
Much of the cultural shift took place where old nobility kept their distance from those new aristocrats.
commerical revolution
China biggest manfuctaring goods ming china
silk, textiles
Mediaeval three orders
those who pray
Fight
work
How were merchants treated in Ming china
they were just ignored.
Built their hierarchy was making more money
how did chinese bureaucrats saw themselves
as the middle of the world, kings to show china's superiority
Explain europes cultural frame
militarised law saw possession to prove their strength
Explain Militraised trade in china
Militarised trade in China that lacked made the European countries feel stronger.
how did modern science affect the community around it
tensions in community rise, science became competing and state intervention to support scientific t research
what did hierarchies intervene
with their subject, more production and profit threatened the hierarchical control
How did the scientific community view women
depicted nature as female entity lifted and penetrated, didn’t question inequalities, women were refused scientific communities but there was expectations, often rich white women
First method in science
natural science used to examine all aspects of life, nothing should be accepted on faith alone
second method in englightnment
Second method in enlightenment
discover laws of thinking
Third method in englightnment
it was possible to create better societies and people during the economic and social life in eighteenth century
what happened with books
Production and consumption of books grew
salons impact
talented and wealthy french women, encouraged observations in sciences and philosophy.
France divided into three state
clergy
Notability
everyone else
what was the ideal lifestyle of a merchant capiatlist
ideal gaining enough wealth, retire and move purchasing noble positions and move into the next state and were aggressive capitalist
Almost all members of french extremists, belonged to the jacobins
Montagrdad vs Girondins
Reign of terror
Rebels and enemies of the nation were executed or died and severa, hundred thousand were arrested
The thermidorian reaction
Reactionary period, extended political reign of terror and Robespierre wiped out many of his collaborators
Thermidorian reaction recalled early day of the rev
Olaudah autobiography
helps with the movement of abolishment of slavery
Abolitionist movement
Campaign to abolish slavery, biggest movement political wise to help and stop something like this from the general public
British Trade ACt 1807
Banned the slave Atlantic trade in Britain and its empires but slavery itself and contraband trading continued in the British colonies and the America for years
what did France try to do (haitain rev)
France tried to retake Haiti! Jefferson refused to recognize Haiti wanted to protect their economic interest for the sake of freedom and e so;mic freedom for all
explain the boom and bust
Profit driven competition in market economy leads to periods of expansions eventually expansion becomes over as the markets saturates
Comp reduce new opportunities rise boom and bust visible from the beginning of history of Industrialization
how did urbanization play with capiatlism
more than rural, business cycle major factor in economy
what did governmnts try to do with helpong the poepleduring the bust periods
social saftey nets or adjusting the moneyy supply
why was the shape of the world different
sphere and dotted lines because middle class now exists and there is fluidity when it comes to the growth comapred to the pyramid which was solid stuck in their rules.
was the industria era low and slow
no because its connected to both state and society
where did the industral model first come
irst emerged in Britain , spread of industrial meant spread of the model
how did mass socities and media help with the cultural screen
opened for the shaping of values to a certain degree
how did the corporate sphere industralize
network heiracrhy why intersections tense and conflicted in Agrarian era because of network and hierarchy values
Mass politics was...
driving factor of Professionalization of the state, Enables the growth of state power
if true, explain if industrial states are secular and if false explain why
Most industrial states are secular but they don’t sanction rulers
nationalism
Nationalism dominate reform which is ethnocentrism
four kings of colonialism
free trade,semi soverign enclaves, indirect rule, direct rule
free trade
Invested in local infrastructure and banking
Segments in those societies profited those capitalist industrial corporations
semi soverign enclaves
Individual counties negation agreements for the trading zone and would have the law trading zone
Foreign merchants confided to certain ports in China, after the opium wars
Like free trade imperialism extraterritoriality imported with the industrial power corporate sphere
indirect rule
Through cooperative local partners
Local hierarchies small and weak, could take advantage of the local rivalries
direct rule
Most common form of imperialism
Berlin conference-
State run
Resembled other forms of Imperialism
Imperial power dominated the cultural frame
Peasant economy
Common in west and east Africa
Cash economy small or non existent
Forced peasants to row cash crops so they can pay the taxes, made them more dependent on the imperialist control and dependency
Market success was acquired with western education, fostered rivalries between the traditional elites and the new ones
rubber system
1890 rubber and copper extractions in Congo were profitable through rebuttal forced labour
Conditions in rubber system bad investigated, Leopold forced to give up Congo and became a colony of Belgium in 1908
kabour reserves
South Africa and Kenya
Mining required major force
Man taken out of large parts of the year to work for European ownerships of the
Traditional policy could be obliterated through military
At times best path u seen corporation for the security in the colonial administration
Recreated the new merchant capitalist tumour
Industrial cultural challenges
Types of responded to imperialism
Traditionalist resistance
Westernization
Modernization
example of trad resistence
Vietnam
Westernization
Japan
Modernization
Mexico