Osmosis
osmosis definition
the diffusion of water from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane.
definition active transport
moves against the concentration gradient (low-high concentration)
calculate magnification
image size➗size of real object
necleus: animal or plant and function
Both, contains DNA and controlls everything
Cytoplasm: animal or plant, function?
both, liquid gel, where most chemical reactions occur
Cell membrane: animal or plant, function
both, controls what comes in and out of the cell
Mitochondria: animal or plant, function
both, where respiration occurs, releases energy
ribosome: animal or plant, function
both, protein synthesis takes place
cell wall: animal or plant, function
plant, made of cellulose, gives strength and support to the cell
chloroplast: animal or plant, function
plant, found in green part of the plant, site of photosynthesis
vacuole: animal or plant, function
plant, filled with sap, keeps the cell rigid
define specialised cell
multicellular organisms specialise so they are very good at carrying out a particular function. adaptations to look different, the process is called differentiation
nerve cell function
carry electrical impulses around the body
nerve cell adaptations
1.many connections to other nerve cells
2. axon (longest spine➡️leg)
3. lots of mitochondria for energy
muscle cell function
contract to bring out movement
muscle function adaptations
1. special proteins that make fibres contract
2. many mitochondria for respiration
3. stores glycogen
sperm cell function
transfers male gentic info
sperm cell adaptations
1. long tail for movement
2. lots of mitochondria to release energy
3. head stores enzymes
4. large necleus contains genetic info
red blood cell function
transport oxygen around the body
red blood cell adaptations
1. contains hemoglobin (red proteins combines with oxygen)
2. no necleus for more hemoglobin storage
3. small and flexible to fit narrow blood cells
4. biconcave shape to maximise surface area for oxygen absorbtion
root hair cell function
absorb water and mineral ions in soil
root hair adaptations
1. large surface area (to absorb more)
2. large permanent vacuole that speeds water movement
3. mitochondria to transfer energy
palisade cell function
makes food for the plant using photosynthesis
palisade cell adaptations
1. large permanent vacuole
2. regular shape
3. chloroplast for photosynthesis
xylem cell function
transports water and mineral ions to leaves and shoots
xylem adaptations
1. lining to strengthen
2. cells die and form hollow tubes allowing water to move easily from them
phloem function
carries food made by photosynthesis around the body
phloem adaptations
1. cell wall between cells break down to form sieve plates
2. lose internal structure
3. suported by companion cells
4. mitochondria transfer the energy
concentrated
high concentration
diffusion definition
the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
what speeds up diffusion rate?
1. surface area
2. temp
hypertonic definition
more concentrated water moves from inside into the outside
hypotonic definition
less concentrated wates moves from outside to inside
isotonic definition
the same on both sides, of the partially permeable membrane
eukaryotic
have a necleus and DNA in chromosones
prokaryotic
have DNA in plasmids in the cytoplasm
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