History
What is a Bennett Buggy?
A term used to describe a horse pulling a car, instead of it being fueled, to criticize P.M. Bennett
What is a Model T car
The first automobile made by Henry Ford, made in 1908, then was mass produced
What is Black Tuesday
The day the stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, one of the short term causes of the Great Depression
Moonshine
Homemade illegal alcohol made in the prohibiton period
Bootlegger
People who smuggeld alcohol illegaly
On-to-Ottawa Trek
In 1935, relief camp workers in Vancouver went on strike to confront PM Bennett about work conditions. Bennett agreed to meet with 8 leaders; however, nothing came about, and a 2-hour riot broke out, leaving Regina a mess, and it was a failure.
Credit (buying on):
Purchasing items without paying right away, aka using borrowed money; however, many people were unable to pay it back and were left in debt.
Prohibition:
The year when selling, producing, and drinking alcohol was illegal in the 1920s. Most provinces ended it by 1927
Escapism
Finding ways to forget about the Great Depression, such as swing music, gospel music, funny/animated movies, radio shows, and comedy radio broadcasts.
Relief Camps
Set up by PM Bennett in 1932. 170,000 Canadian men worked hard and physical labor, ate/slept there, and got paid 20 cents a day
Flapper
Women who wore loose, short dresses and hair. They were known for swearing, drinking, loose morality, and participating in wild dances/parties.
Riding the Rails
term used to describe illegally riding on trains to different towns in order to find jobs.
Foster Hewitt
A Canadian broadcaster who started in 1923, delivering one of the first live hockey play-by-play broadcasts. He was famous for being enthusiastic and for the saying “He shoots, he scores!” Most popular Canadian broadcast, known as Hockey Night.
Speakeasy:
Bars that secretly sold alcohol illegally.
Hobo Jungle:
Formed on the outskirts of cities, a makeshift town for homeless, travelling workers who would typically ride the rails.
Temperance:
The movement created by women to push alcohol to be illegal. “Lips that touch liquor will not touch mine.”
Who are the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
The Women's Christian Temperance Union was a group of women who fought to ban alcohol, as they believed alcohol was responsible for many social problems, such as domestic violence. One of the first and most powerful women's political groups.
Why did racism and intolerance increase during the depression?
Racism and intolerance increased during the depression because people felt that immigrants were taking jobs from other Canadians and wanted immigration laws changed. Minority groups were escapegoats for this (Italians, Polish, Asians, Jews.)
Give a specific example that proves Canada was more racist during the
Depression.
Immigrants were deported if they couldn't find a job. Between 1930 and 1935, at least 30,000 immigrants were deported.
Give a brief summary of the lives of the Dionne Quintuplets.
Born in 1934, the first quintuplets to survive birth. The children were exploited in advertisements and films and essentially put on display. A theme park named “Quintland” was created after them. A $1 million trust fund was set up for the girls; however, most of the money went to the theme park.
Why do you think they were so incredibly popular?
They were so incredibly popular because they were essentially a miracle and brought people hope during the depression. They were also a source of escapism during the tough times.
What was the Winnipeg General Strike and the Regina Riot?
Winnipeg General Strike: In May 1919, over 30,000 workers in Winnipeg walked off their jobs in May 1919 to demand better wages, working conditions, and union recognition. The RCMP was sent to arrest leaders; it was very violent.
Regina Riot: Relief camp workers in Vancouver went on strike to confront PM Bennett about work conditions. Bennett agreed to meet with 8 leaders; however, nothing came about. A 2-hour riot broke out due to police force used to break up the crowd, leaving Regina a mess, and was a failure.
Fully explain the causes of the Great Depression. (Short and Long Term)
Short Term:
Stock Market Crash: Oct 29, 1929, when the stock market crashed, people panicked and sold all their shares and were unable to pay back loans, resulting in the loss of savings and homes.
Drought: In 1929, a drought and plague of locusts occurred, creating dust bowls and making farming impossible. Farmers lost all their crops and abandoned/sold their farms.
Long Term Term causes Of the War
Dependence on exporting: International demand for Canadian resources was eventually satisfied and decreased; Canada's economy was based on exporting natural resources.
Overproduction of Goods: Companies continued producing goods because they expected to sell them.
False Optimism: Canadians were certain that the economic prosperity of the 20s would increase, and people expanded businesses, banks carelessly loaned money to increase profits, and farmers invested in new machinery.
High Tariffs: Canada placed high tariffs on goods imported from the US to encourage people to buy Canadian-made goods. Many countries stopped trading with Canada due to this.
Buying on Margin: This means people only had to pay 10% of the price of a share (stock market) up front as long as they paid the rest later. This created large demand and increased the price of shares.
What is the “Person’s Case” and list the names of the Famous Five.
The person's case is a group of women who traveled to Britain to challenge the term “persons” and that it meant both females and males. Canadian courts ruled that “persons” meant only males; therefore, women couldn’t be involved in politics. However, British courts eventually ruled that it meant both males and females.
Their names were Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Henrietta Muir Edwards and Louise McKinney
Why was farming one of the worst occupations to have during the depression? Who were the most impacted by the depression
Farming was one of the worst occupations due to the drought and the plague of locusts. Many people were also now unable to buy crops from farms, as they didn't have enough money to. Farmers and immigrants were most impacted.
What happened in Winnipeg in 1919?
In May 1919, workers walked away from their jobs and protested and went on strike to ask for better wages and working conditions during the depression. The RCMP was sent to arrest leaders and break up the protests/strikes. It was very violent, and 2 people died while multiple were injured. (Bloody Saturday)
What does this have to do with the Red Scare?
The Red Scare scared Canadians (especially the government) into thinking these strikes and protests were revolutions and the start of communism. This was why the strikes were met with suspicion and violence.
What were some of the inventions you learned about in the 20’s? How did these inventions of the 1920s change people’s lives?
Radio/silent films: Created for entertainment, used as a form of escapism during the Depression.
The Automobile: Transportation became a lot quicker and led to the making of paved roads, gas stations, parking lots, and motels.
The telephone:Created by Alexander Bell, allowed communication to be a lot more efficient due to distance, and 3 in 4 households owned a telephone by 1929.
Describe Canada’s growth towards autonomy during the 1920s and 1930s.
Canada invented many important new things that were soon useful all around the world. It grew its own economy and fixed it, created new political parties, and essentially stopped listening to Britain as much.