RPH MIDTERMS
Who is the artist of the Spolarium?
Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta
whats the painting that won a gold medal at the 1884 madrid exposition?
Spolarium
Who's the artist that attended school at Ateneo Municipal de Manila and earned his bachelor's degree and took course at the academy of fine arts in manila
Juan Luna
He's influenced by the artists Lorenzo Guerrero and the spanish artist Agustin saez, who advised him to go to spain and continue his studies. HE ALSO MET THE PAINTER DON ALEJO VERA AND FOLLOWED HIM AT ROME
Juan Luna de San Pedro
Spolarium is from the word spolia/spoil or ____________/_____________
Basement or dungeon
It means Basement or Dungeon
Spolia/Spoil
It is the site where fallen gladiators were dragged, and it represents filipinos experiences under spanish rule
Spolarium
It represents the abused filipinos, and it is the act of dragging shows that spanish government ignored the lives and humanity of the filipinos
Gladiators
They represent the spanish oppressors
Roman Soldiers
It represents moral bankruptcy prioritizing entertainment over human dignity
Spectators
They represent the people who are deeply affected by the suffering of their fellow filipinos, their expressions of grief and despair symbolize the hope for a better future and the desire for freedom from the spanish rule
Mourners
Spolarium shows the ______________ filipinos face under the spanish rule. It has beenknown as a symbol of filipino ______ and ___________ and a reminder of the countrys struggle for justice and independence.
Spolarium shows the Hardships filipinos face under the spanish rule. It has beenknown as a symbol of filipino Pride and Resilience and a reminder of the countrys struggle for justice and independence.
It is the symbol of suffering of filipinos during spanish occupation in the philippines
Spolarium
Spolarium inspires the filipinos to fight for freedom and it is a _________ ______ as it showed the world talent of the filipinos. It is also a ________ ____ ______ ________
Spolarium inspires the filipinos to fight for freedom and it is a NATIONAL PRIDE as it showed the world talent of the filipinos. It is also a REMINDER OF THE PAST
Pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa's english is?
Love for one's native land
who's the writer of the "ang pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa"
Andres Bonifacio
He is known as the "Father of Philippine revolution" and the "father of Katipunan. He also advocated complete independence from Spain
Andres Bonifacio
His early life was marked by hardship and poverty, which instilled in him a deep sense of empathy for the oppressed. He also received limited formal education but his natural intelligence and thirst for knowledge led him to become self-taught man. He also belonged to the working class until became a revolutionary leader due to his remarkable ability to connect with the masses.
Andres Bonifacio
- It is a powerful testament to bonifacio's unwavering patriotism and commitment to the filipino's struggle gor freedom
- It is a poem that served as a powerful call to action urging filipinos to fight for their freedom against the spanish rule
Ang Pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa
Bonifacio used the initials AIB which stands for what?
Agapito Bagumbayan (His penname)
The poem of Andres Bonifacio revolves around what themes?
- Love for the Motherland
- The call for unity and resistance against oppresion
- Willingness to sacrifice for the country's freedom
CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNDERSTANDING PHILIPPINE HISTORY (And Pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa)
The poem motivated and encouraged filipinos to support the revolution by joining the Katipunan
Patriotic Inspiration
CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNDERSTANDING PHILIPPINE HISTORY (And Pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa)
The poem emphasized love for one's homeland and helped shaped filipino unity and nationalism
National Identity
CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNDERSTANDING PHILIPPINE HISTORY (And Pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa)
Since the poem was featured in Kalayaan, the Katipunan's newspaper, there was a spread revolutionary ideas reinforcing the urgency and importance of independence
Mobilization
He is known as the "Brain of the Katipunan" (Utak ng Katipunan) due to his intellectual abilities
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon used ________ as his penname in Kalayaan and __________ as his alias in the Katipunan
Dimasilaw - penname in Kalayaan
Pingkian - his alias in the Katipunan
- He was well-educated, having studied at San Juan de Letran and later at the University of Santo Tomas, where he pursued law.
- He joined the Katipunan at the age of 20 and became the organization’s secretary and the chief advisor on fiscal matters of the organization.
- He played a crucial leadership role as Bonifacio’s closest adviser and later as the commander of the Katipunan’s army. - His involvement in key decisions and battles solidified his reputation as a capable leader.
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon
Katipunan (_________, ______________, ______________ ng mga anak ng bayan/ ____________________________________)
Kataastaasan, kagalanggalangang katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan/ Supreme and most honorable society of the children of the nation
It is a secret revolutionary founded by Andres Bonifacio and his colleagues on July 7, 1892 and it was aimed to secure Philippine Independence from spanish rule primarily through armed revolution
KKK/ Supreme and most honorable society of the children of the nation
KKK was inspired by "____ _______ __________", a reformist organization founded by rizal before his arrest and exile in Dapitan
KKK was inspired by "La Liga Filipina", a reformist organization founded by rizal before his arrest and exile in Dapitan
The katipunan became the backbone of the 1896 philippine revolution, and as the katipunan was recognized in 1897 as the "_______________________" (Republic of the tagalog Nation) with Bonifacio earing the title "________________________________" ( President of the tagalog republic
The katipunan became the backbone of the 1896 philippine revolution, and as the katipunan was recognized in 1897 as the "Republica ng katagalugan (Republic of the tagalog Nation) with Bonifacio earing the title "Presidente de la Republica Tagala" ( President of the tagalog republic
- the Katipunan’s code of conduct and the Primer of the Katipunan, thus became the moral backbone of the Katipunan
- a set of thirteen lessons and one conclusion/reflection that provide moral and ethical guidance for members of the Katipunan
Kartilla ng Katipunan
Kartilla ng Katipunan rules can be classified into two:
___________________ – contains the rules that will make the member an upright individual
FIRST GROUP (1 – 7)
Kartilya ng Katipunan rules can be classified into two:
______________________ – contains the rules that will guide the way member treats his fellow men
SECOND GROUP (8 – 13)
- The Kartilla was made mainly for the Katipuneros who are required to read the rules. Early Katipuneros believed that changing the way Filipinos think, and act was the most important thing to be considered.
- The document is rooted in the idea that the revolution was not only about physical liberation but also about moral restoration.
True
Contributions to Understanding Philippine History
? – The Kartilla ng Katipunan has assisted Filipinos in comprehending the moral and intellectual values of the Katipuneros, which required to be embodied and expressed in their acts.
? – It highlighted the character of Filipinos who participated in numerous battles against Spanish rule in order to attain freedom.
? - It captured the spirit of resistance and unity of Filipinos during a critical period in Philippine history. It served as a tribute to the goals and moral foundations of the revolutionary movement
Contributions to Understanding Philippine History
- Code of Conduct and Strong Principles – The Kartilla ng Katipunan has assisted Filipinos in comprehending the moral and intellectual values of the Katipuneros, which
required to be embodied and expressed in their acts.
- Shared vision of a liberated Filipino nation – It highlighted the character of Filipinos who participated in numerous battles against Spanish rule in order to attain freedom.
- National identity and Civic responsibility - It captured the spirit of resistance and unity of Filipinos during a critical period in Philippine history. It served as a tribute to the goals
and moral foundations of the revolutionary movement
He was called “Don Bosyong” by Rizal, who was his distant relative and sought advice from ___________ during his student days in Manila.
Ambrosio Rianzales Bautista
- He was a well-respected attorney. He studied law at the University of Santo Tomas obtaining a degree in 1865. He practiced law in Manila and offered free legal services to poor clients. As a lawyer, equipped in him are the necessary legal knowledge and skills to draft a document.
- His direct involvement in the Philippine Revolution. He assisted in establishing the framework for the future Philippine Republic while serving as Secretary of State in
Malolos Congress. He became an officer of La Liga Filipina. In addition, he was a political adviser of General Emilio Aguinaldo. These experiences allowed him to get an understanding of the aspirations of the Filipino people.
Ambrosio Rianzales Bautista
Act of Declaration of the Philippine Independence
▪ proclaimed on ____________ in______________ (Kawit, Cavite)
▪ This_________ declaration was patterned from the American Declaration of Independence, and it was signed by ___________ appointed by Aguinaldo, and among them was one retired American artillery officer, Colonel L. M. Johnson who witnessed the proclamation.
Act of Declaration of the Philippine Independence
▪ proclaimed on June 12, 1898 in Cavite El Viejo (Kawit, Cavite)
▪ This 21-page declaration was patterned from the American Declaration of Independence, and it was signed by 98 Filipinos appointed by Aguinaldo, and among them was one retired American artillery officer, Colonel L. M. Johnson who witnessed the proclamation.
The declaration focused on the following major points:
▪ The Legacy of Spanish Colonialism - The proclamation describes the history of Spanish authority from Magellan’s arrival in 1521 to the establishment of Spanish dominance the country, emphasizing the use of force and manipulation to obtain power.
TRUE
The declaration focused on the following major points:
▪ The 1896 Revolution as a Culmination of Grievances | The declaration emphasizes the 1896 revolution as the culmination of years of oppression. It listed specific examples of Spanish abuses such as arbitrary arrests, unjust deportations, and the execution of prominent Filipinos like Jose Rizal.
▪ The Pact of Biak-na-Bato | The second revolutionary republican government led by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution that referred to itself as the Republic of the Philippines. The Biak na Bato provided for the establishment of a Supreme Council that would serve as the highest governing body of the republic. The declaration recognized the Pacification of Biak-na-Bato in 1897, and it noted that Spain failed to keep its pledges particularly regarding amnesty for political prisoners.
TRUE
The Philippine Flag
• THE THREE STARS - represent the three principal islands of the country -______, _________, and _______ (Visayas) in which the revolutionary movement broke out
• THE__________________ - represents the distinctive symbol of the famed Society of the Katipunan, which through the blood compact impelled the masses to rise in revolt
• THE________________ - indicates the gigantic steps taken by the people of the country on the road to progress and civilization
• THE EIGHT RAYS OF THE SUN - symbolize the first eight provinces of the Philippines which was declared under Martial Law during the Philippine Revolution: namely (Enumerate the 8)
THE COLORS OF _________________ - commemorates the flag of the United States as a manifestation of the country’s profound gratitude towards this Great Nation for itsdisinterested protection
The Philippine Flag
• THE THREE STARS - represent the three principal islands of the country - Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay (Visayas) in which the revolutionary movement broke out
• THE WHITE TRIANGLE - represents the distinctive symbol of the famed Society of the Katipunan, which through the blood compact impelled the masses to rise in revolt
• THE GOLDEN SUN - indicates the gigantic steps taken by the peopleof the country on the road to progress and civilization
• THE EIGHT RAYS OF THE SUN - symbolize the first eight provinces of the Philippines which was declared under Martial Law during the Philippine Revolution: namely Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac
THE COLORS OF BLUE, RED, AND WHITE - commemorates the flag of the United States as a manifestation of the country’s profound gratitude towards this Great Nation for itsdisinterested protection
At present, the white equilateral triangle symbolizes _______________________. The horizontal blue stripe stands for ___________________________ ,while the horizontal red stripe symbolizes _____________________. The golden sun at the center of the white triangle symbolizes ____________________________________________
At present, the white equilateral triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity. The horizontal blue stripe stands for peace, truth, and justice,while the horizontal red stripe symbolizes patriotism and valor. The golden sun at the center of the white triangle symbolizes unity, freedom, people’s democracy, and sovereignty.
Contributions to Understanding Philippine History
-_____________________ is marked as the most important moment in the country’s history as it signified the end of Spanish colonial rule and birth of a new nation.
- The proclamation served as a symbolic declaration of the Filipino’s _____________________________ and their commitment to establishing an independent nation.
- The proclamation was followed by the establishment of the First Philippine Republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as its president. This marked the beginning of Filipino self governance and paved the way for the development of national institutions and policies.
- The proclamation contributed to the relationship between the Philippines and United States.
- The proclamation served as a powerful reminder of the importance of self-governance.
Contributions to Understanding Philippine History
- June 12, 1898 is marked as the most important moment in the country’s history as it signified the end of Spanish colonial rule and birth of a new nation.
- The proclamation served as a symbolic declaration of the Filipino’s desire for selfdetermination and their commitment to establishing an independent nation.
- The proclamation was followed by the establishment of the First Philippine Republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as its president. This marked the beginning of Filipino self governance and paved the way for the development of national institutions and policies.
- The proclamation contributed to the relationship between the Philippines and United States.
- The proclamation served as a powerful reminder of the importance of self-governance.
The selected political caricatures are part of the book ____________________, a book by ___________________ and ______________________. The book is a compilation of some political cartoons that were published in newspapers. It was a graphic description of the events such as challenges, scandals, and influence under the American colonial period (1900 – 1940). These events demonstrate the different strands of changes and shifts in Philippine culture, society, and politics.
The selected political caricatures are part of the book Philippine Cartoons, a book by Alfred McCoy and Alfredo Roces. The book is a compilation of some political cartoons that were published in newspapers. It was a graphic description of the events such as
challenges, scandals, and influence under the American colonial period (1900 – 1940). These events demonstrate the different strands of changes and shifts in Philippine culture, society, and politics.
- The cartoon shows a politician from Tondo, named Dr. Santos, passing his crown to his brother-in-law, Dr. Barcelona. A Filipino guy (as depicted wearing salakot and Barong Tagalog) was trying to stop Santos of giving Barcelona the crown because it is not his to begin with.
- The caricature depicts the practice of nepotism (practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives, friends, or associates, especially by giving them jobs) and political dynasties (the concentration, consolidation or perpetuation of political powers by persons related to one another).
- It advocates that public office is a trust granted by the people which means that leadership must be based on qualifications and the will of the majority, not on family connections
Caricature 1: A public post is not a hereditary crown
• A Filipino child can be seen stealing a skinny chicken because he had nothing to eat. The police officer was relentlessly pursuing the child. A man wearing a salakot, named Juan dela Cruz was grabbing the officer, telling him to leave the small-time pickpockets and thieves and to turn at
the great thieves instead.
• The caricature criticizes the unfairness of the justice system where the poor are severely punished for minor offenses while the wealthy and powerful escape accountability for more significant crimes. Juan dela Cruz urges a change in priorities – focusing less on penalizing the needy and mor eon tackling the systemic inequality and corruption that cause poverty.
Caricature 2: War against the Speculators!
• This caricature serves as a wakeup call about the danger of using colorum (unregistered or unauthorized vehicles, particularly public transportation vehicles) and urgent call to the government to address the problem effectively in order to protect the people’s life.
Caricature 3: Death cars
• This depicts a cinema. An officer was at the screen saying that couples are not allowed to make love in the theater. Two youngsters looked horrified while an order couple seemed amused.
• _____________ – refers to the energetic, rebellious, and passionate behavior of young people that time
• _______________ – young people began challenging the traditional Filipino ways of thinking by having bold sexual encounters in public places like cinema
• The caricature emphasized the class between the traditional or conservatism and liberalism
Caricature 4: Flaming Youth
• Flaming Youth – refers to the energetic, rebellious, and passionate behavior of young people that time
• Sexual Revolution – young people began challenging the traditional Filipino ways of thinking by having bold sexual encounters in public places like cinema
• It depicts Uncle Sam riding a chariot pulled by Filipinos wearing school uniforms. The Filipino boys were carrying American objects like baseball bats, whiskey, and boxing gloves.
• This illustrates the American colonial approach of molding Filipino youth and culture to fit American values, depicting it as a form of cultural domination. The objects carried by the Filipino boys represent the Americanization of Filipino culture. The image of Filipino students pulling Uncle Sam’s chariot symbolizes the exploitation and subjugation of Filipino talent and potential under colonial rule.
Caricature 5
• Uncle Sam is rationing porridge to the politicians and members of the Progresista Party (Federalista Party) while members of the Nationalista Party look on and wait for their turn. The cartoon depicts the patronage of the Unites States being coveted by politicians from either of the party.
• It illustrates the influence of Americans on Philippine politics and reveals how Filipino politicians were eager togain support from the American authorities.
• It shows how politicians were heavily reliant on American favors and were willing to seek out and compete for this patronage during colonial era
Caricature 6: El Turno de los Partidos
Contributions to Understanding Philippine History
- Caricatures as a Window into the Past | Political caricatures provide a unique perspective on historical events by offering a glimpse into the social and political climate during the American period. These caricatures portray colonialism, nationalism, and social change.
- Exposing Injustices | Through these caricatures, the struggles of ordinary Filipino under American rule, highlighting issues such as poverty, corruption, and the erosion of traditional values are exposed.
- A Visual Commentary on Social and Political Issues | The caricatures provided avisual commentary on a wide range of social and political issues. They addressed topics such as the rise of a new elite, the impact of modernization, and the changing role of women in Philippine society.
- Shaping Public Opinion and Inspiring Social Change | These caricatures played a significant role in shaping public opinion and inspiring social change as they helped to raise awareness about important issues, mobilized public support for nationalist movements, and challenged the authority ofthe colonial government
True