crimnology exam - unit 2
what is the main idea of albert cohen theroy?
idviduals whose legitmaite opportunitys are blocked may turn to deviant subcultures as an alternative to gain status
what is criminal subcultures in cloward & ohlin theory
it aries in professional criminal networks, selctects suitbale youths for an "apprenticeship" in ulturain crime & future criminal carrer
what are the four function of crimes in durkheim theory
boundary maintance
social change
safety value
warning light
what does anomie mean?
shared norms become weakened
what is durkheim main idea?
society is bouned togther by shared norma and values, crime is inevitable not all indivaiduals are adequately socialised(up to the right level)
what is a weakness of durkheim theory?
claims a certain ammount of crime is heslthy but dosent offer no way of knowing how much.
strength of derkheim theory?
first to regonise crime can be positive function of society E.G reinforcing boundarys between right and wrong
what are the 4 deviant ways of adapting strain - mertons theory?
innovation-accept goal find illegal ways of acheieving it.
ritualism-give up on success-dend end job.
retrealism-dropouts reject both goals and means- drug addicts, drunkyards.
rebellion-aim to change society- replace existing goals
main idea of mertons theory?
blocked opportunites/unequal society means indivdiuals use more crime/illegitmate ways of acheieving success
strength of mertons strain theory?
explains pattern with statistics- most crime is property crime. working class crime rate is higher.
weakness of mertons strain theory?
ignores the wealthy crime
overpredicts ammount of working class crime.
key idea of marxisms theory?
unequal structure of society root cause to crime
what is the term for the ruiling upper class (marxim)
bourgeoisie
what is the term for working class (marxism)
proletariat
what are reasons working class people may commit crime (marxism)
poverty may be so exterem only resort to survive is theft.
crime may be there only way they get goods they desire-theft.
fustration of inequality lead to fustraution resulting in crime E.G- vadalism.
what is polygamy
pratice of having more than one husband or wife
defenition of polygyny
man has two or more wives
polyandry
woman has two or ore wives
where is polygamy legal
58 countries- mostly muslim majority countries- some countries only allow it for musilms E.G malaysia , india
where is polygamy illegal
most counries. in uk crime of bigamy lead to 7years imprisoment or and fine
reasons why law varies between cultures?
religion
tradition
sexism
public opinion
position of women
what is adeltry
sexual acts between one or both married person