Japan paper 1
who ruled japan from 1192-1854 and what were they ?
The shogunate and they were a feudal military government
what policy did japan go by under the shogunate, explain.
Japan followed an issolationsit polict, keeping foreign influece away so they can preserve japanese culture to avoid colonisation (such that of india under brasil)
what happened in 1853, who was responsible and what did it lead to
in 1853, commadore Mathew perry of the US arrived with the gunboat diplomacy, sailed into edo and ordered for his guns to be trained on the city as a display of power. This led to the signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854 opening japans ports to the usa and marked the beggining of japans modernisation
who to power after the shugunate
Emperor Meiji
what was the military impact of the Meiji dynasty
Conscription in 1873, had to serve for atleast 3 years
Amry and Navy modeled on Prussian and British systems
Educational Impact of meiji dynasty
Schools taught loyalty to the emperor and nationalist Ideals
Elementary schooling system 1872
economic impact meiji dynasty
Abolition of feudalism
Industrialisation: Factories, Railroads, shipyards
Zaibatsu: Allowed large conglomerants to build and expand
By 1900 Japans GDP grey by 4.5% anually
Political Impact meiji dynasty
National Diet ( made up of Nobility and elites and the House of representatives (elected) )
National Diet was aimed at assisting the empreror in his decision making
Military Directly responsible to the emperor
What was Nationlism feuled by?
Desire to avoid western dominance
Belief in Asian Leadership
Need for Resources
what happened in the 1st Sino Japanese War
Japan and China clahsed over control of Korea
1894, uprising in Korea led Japan and China to send troops, escalated into War, Japan was victorious
what was the treaty of Shimonoseki
Japan gained Taiwan, Pescadores Islands and the right to influence Korea
China was forced to pay indemnities and open additional ports to japan
why the 1st Sino Japanese war matters
Japans First major victory, signaling its rise as a regional power
Triple Intervention (Russia, France, Germany) forced japan to return Liaodong Peninsula to China. Cause humiliation drove japans desire for greater militarism
Military spending increased 300% reflecting upon japans prioritization of its armed foces
What happened in the Russo Japanese War
Japan clashed with Russia over controll in Manchuria and Korea
Preemptive Strike on poert arthur (1904) started the war
lasted 1 year
Key battles of the Russo Japanese War
Battle of Mukden: largest battle in Asia pre WWII (500,000 Troops, Involved)
100,000 Russia Casualities at the battle of mukden
Battle of Tsushima: Japans Navy, led by Admiral Togo, destroyed Russias Baltic fleet
Outcome of the Russo-Japanese War
Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) mediated by the USA
Japan gained Southern Manchuria, Korea and Port Arthur
Importance of the Russo-Japanese War
First Asian power to defeat a european power
Gained Global Respect
Japan was dissapointed with the limit of teritorial gains
Feuled nationalism
By 1910 japan officially anexed korea
What happened in The Manchurian Crisis
Japan destroyed a section of Southern manchurian railway and blamed it on Chinese saboteurs
Japan Invaded Manchuria
Established Manchuko a puppet state in 1932
LON Response to Manchuria
Lytton commision (Lytton Report-1932) sent to investigate
Japans actions were seen as unjust
Ordered it to withdraw from manchuria
Didnt recognise manchuko as an official state
Didnt have military power to enforce decision
Importance of the manchurian Crisis
Japan withdrew from the league (1933)
Break from International cooperation
showed the leagues inability to controll agressive actions by powerful states
Manchuria provided vital resources for japan
70% of coal from there
What happened in the second Sino-Japanese war
Marco Polo Bridge incident, where small japanese force demanded enrty in a small walled town in china to search for a soldier,
China denied
Tensions escalated
Japan invaded Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing
Nanjing masacre (mass murder of chinese civilians)
200,000 civilians killed
LON response to the Second Sino-Japanese War
By 1937 League was sidelined
growing threat of germany in europe distracted powers such as britain and france
Leagye issued punishments but lacked any enforcment
Why was the Second Sino-Japanese war Significant
Drained japans economy
Pushed it closer to germany and italy
Alienated Western powers specifically usa
What happened in Pearl Harbour and Tripartite Pact
Japan signed Tripartite pact (1940) forming axis powers
Us sanctions cut of 90% of japans oil suply (1941)
Causing the pearl harbour attack (bombing american naval base)
Why was the PH and T Pact important
Marked japans envolvement in WWII
and alliance with germany and italy