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Japan paper 1

who ruled japan from 1192-1854 and what were they ?

The shogunate and they were a feudal military government

what policy did japan go by under the shogunate, explain.

Japan followed an issolationsit polict, keeping foreign influece away so they can preserve japanese culture to avoid colonisation (such that of india under brasil)

what happened in 1853, who was responsible and what did it lead to

in 1853, commadore Mathew perry of the US arrived with the gunboat diplomacy, sailed into edo and ordered for his guns to be trained on the city as a display of power. This led to the signing of the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854 opening japans ports to the usa and marked the beggining of japans modernisation

who to power after the shugunate

Emperor Meiji

what was the military impact of the Meiji dynasty

Conscription in 1873, had to serve for atleast 3 years
Amry and Navy modeled on Prussian and British systems

Educational Impact of meiji dynasty

Schools taught loyalty to the emperor and nationalist Ideals
Elementary schooling system 1872

economic impact meiji dynasty

Abolition of feudalism
Industrialisation: Factories, Railroads, shipyards

Zaibatsu: Allowed large conglomerants to build and expand

By 1900 Japans GDP grey by 4.5% anually

Political Impact meiji dynasty

National Diet ( made up of Nobility and elites and the House of representatives (elected) )
National Diet was aimed at assisting the empreror in his decision making

Military Directly responsible to the emperor

What was Nationlism feuled by?

Desire to avoid western dominance
Belief in Asian Leadership

Need for Resources

what happened in the 1st Sino Japanese War

Japan and China clahsed over control of Korea
1894, uprising in Korea led Japan and China to send troops, escalated into War, Japan was victorious

what was the treaty of Shimonoseki

Japan gained Taiwan, Pescadores Islands and the right to influence Korea
China was forced to pay indemnities and open additional ports to japan

why the 1st Sino Japanese war matters

Japans First major victory, signaling its rise as a regional power
Triple Intervention (Russia, France, Germany) forced japan to return Liaodong Peninsula to China. Cause humiliation drove japans desire for greater militarism

Military spending increased 300% reflecting upon japans prioritization of its armed foces

What happened in the Russo Japanese War

Japan clashed with Russia over controll in Manchuria and Korea
Preemptive Strike on poert arthur (1904) started the war

lasted 1 year

Key battles of the Russo Japanese War

Battle of Mukden: largest battle in Asia pre WWII (500,000 Troops, Involved)
100,000 Russia Casualities at the battle of mukden

Battle of Tsushima: Japans Navy, led by Admiral Togo, destroyed Russias Baltic fleet

Outcome of the Russo-Japanese War

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) mediated by the USA
Japan gained Southern Manchuria, Korea and Port Arthur

Importance of the Russo-Japanese War

First Asian power to defeat a european power
Gained Global Respect

Japan was dissapointed with the limit of teritorial gains

Feuled nationalism

By 1910 japan officially anexed korea

What happened in The Manchurian Crisis

Japan destroyed a section of Southern manchurian railway and blamed it on Chinese saboteurs
Japan Invaded Manchuria

Established Manchuko a puppet state in 1932

LON Response to Manchuria

Lytton commision (Lytton Report-1932) sent to investigate
Japans actions were seen as unjust

Ordered it to withdraw from manchuria

Didnt recognise manchuko as an official state

Didnt have military power to enforce decision

Importance of the manchurian Crisis

Japan withdrew from the league (1933)
Break from International cooperation

showed the leagues inability to controll agressive actions by powerful states

Manchuria provided vital resources for japan

70% of coal from there

What happened in the second Sino-Japanese war

Marco Polo Bridge incident, where small japanese force demanded enrty in a small walled town in china to search for a soldier,
China denied

Tensions escalated

Japan invaded Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing

Nanjing masacre (mass murder of chinese civilians)

200,000 civilians killed

LON response to the Second Sino-Japanese War

By 1937 League was sidelined
growing threat of germany in europe distracted powers such as britain and france

Leagye issued punishments but lacked any enforcment

Why was the Second Sino-Japanese war Significant

Drained japans economy
Pushed it closer to germany and italy

Alienated Western powers specifically usa

What happened in Pearl Harbour and Tripartite Pact

Japan signed Tripartite pact (1940) forming axis powers
Us sanctions cut of 90% of japans oil suply (1941)

Causing the pearl harbour attack (bombing american naval base)

Why was the PH and T Pact important

Marked japans envolvement in WWII
and alliance with germany and italy

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