Test revision
define homeostasis
-Maintenence of a constant internal environent - despite fluctuations of the external environent - and fluctuations in the activities in our bodies
state 3 factors rhat are controlled via homeostatis processes
ph, water concentrafion, temperature
complete the table (letters)
FCDHGBE
name 2 endocrine glands and identify their location & what hornone
adrenal gland - top of the kidneys - adrenaline
ovary gland - womens lower abdomen - oestrogen
key differences between control via the endocrine system vs the nervous system
ec slower ns faster, ec effects long lasting ns short lived, en control is widespread ns localised
define meaning of digestion
-process in which the body breaks down food into smaller componments - can be absorbed and utilised for energy, growth & repair - involves mechanical & chemicak processes - mechanical digestion begins in the mouth whuch breaks down the larger pieces into smaller pieces - chemicak digestion is preformed by enzymed whuch breaks down large molecules & enzymes massively increase the rate of reaction
identify the end products for starch, polypeptides and fat
starch - glucose. polypeptides - amino acids. fat - fatty acids & glycerol
correct words for the paragraph
little hypothalamus pituatry more more small, concentrated 4l dillllute
how do we tick the boxes in the tabke
3 left top, 3 middle bottom, middle of middle, bittom right 2
name the 2 gases that will be transferrd across alcaeno membrane
oxygen & carbon dioxide
outline 4 ways in whuch the alveoli are adapted for absorbtion of the 2 gases above
folded structure makes a large surgace area greater diffusion - rich blood supply which allows for space for diffusion - walls are 1 cell thick which gives faster diffusiin - moist surface which allows gasses to diffuse better
explain how the 2 diagrams look in q1
diagram 1 blood circulation lungs to heart to digestive system to body parts to heart to lungs
diagram 2 villus capillaries lacteal vessel
cvs & ds wuestion - role of digestive system
crucial for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, it also manages waste
cvs&ds - Role of the cardiovascular system
made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels, role is delivering oxygen and nutrients, removes waste products
cvs&ds - nutrients role
Nutrients play a crucial role in both systems. After food is digested nutrients are absorbed which enters the cardiovascular system in the blood stream. The cardiovascular system then transports those absorbed nutrients such as glucose and amino acids throughout the body to cells and tissues for growth, repair and energy.
describe glucose & amino acids
Glucose is one of the primary energy sources in our body and amino acids are the building blocks of protein.
cvs&ds - pointing at diagaram 1...
Looking at diagram 1 the cardiovascular system and the digestive system work together to maintain normal functioning as the cardiovascular system delivers oxygen from the lungs to the digestive organs
cvs&ds - looking at diagram 2 (villus)
Looking at diagram 2 villus plays a crucial role in the digestive and cardiovascular systems. They are small finger like structures which line the wall of the small intestine. Their function is to increase the surface area for absorption allowing nutrients from digested food to enter the bloodstream efficitently
describe the diagram to show how a negative feedback loop maintains constant water levels in the blood
centre - normal blood concentration
top row- arrow sweating dehydration detected my hypothalamus left box pituarary gland produces ADH, right box stimulates kidneys to absorb more water, more concentrated urine but at a lower volume arrow return to normal
bottom row - arrow drinking enough water detected by hypothalamus left box hypothalamus inhibits production of ADH right box, less water in the blood, more urine but dilute , arrow return to normal
b) Name the hormone used to do this and describe the sequence of events when a person has just exercised in a hot dry environment and lost a large amount of water through sweating. Include named structures and processes
The hormone used to do this is ADH. If a person has exercised & lost water through sweating the blood will become more concentrated.
- The hypothalamus detects the increased concentration and signals the pituitary gland to release ADH.
- This stimulates the kidneys to absorb more water.
- This makes the loop of henle (descending arm) and the collecting duct more permeable to water. This produces more concentrated urine but at a smaller volume.
-REVERSE, If fluids are drank this makes the blood more dilute. This is detected by the hypothalamus and inhibits the production of ADH. Less water is reabsorbed into the blood, more in the urine but dilute