1543- GENERAL ASSESSMENT ABNORMALITIES
Diplopia
seeing double
Photophobia
eyes are more sensitive to light than normal
Strabismus
"cross eyes"
Lateral muscle stretches
medial muscle contracts
Glaucoma
Build up of eye pressure
loss of peripheral vision
Cataracts
cloudiness of lens
acquired with aging
Macula Degeneration
central vision diminishes
Scatoma
Blind spot
localized area of damaged retina
Diabetic retinopathy
Elevated blood sugar that damages retina= loss of vision
Ptosis
droopy eye lide
Exothalmus
protruding eyes
enopthalmus
sunken eyes
Cerunem
ear wax helps lubricate tympanic membrane
tinnitus
constant buzz
microtia
abnormally small ears
Macrotia
abnormally large ears
presbycusis
loss of high tone frequency
Arteriosclerosis
rigid blood vessels
increase BP
Artheriosceloris
thickening of arteries due to deposition of fatty plaques
PAD
peripheral arteriole disease
narrowing of arteries
venous insufficiency
blood cannot go back to the heart
arteriole insufficiency
when blood cannot circulate through the body and arteries
Lymph node enlargement
normally found in infants
swollen glands due to infection or immunological disease
peripheral edema
swelling of legs due to fluid retention
Rayneuds phenomenon
abruption progressive episodes of tricolour change
Heave/ lift
forceful thrusting of ventricular systole
Left- apex
right- sternal border
murmur
blowing, swooshing sound indicating turbulent blood flow
Innocent murmur
short, midsystole
heard in the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces
functional murmur
increase of constant blood flow
Barrel Chest
ribs are horizontal and downwards
Pectus Excavatum
sunken sternum an adjacent cartilages, more noticeable in inspiration
Pectus carinatum
forward protrusion of sternum with ribs sloping back
Scoliosis
lateral "s" shaped curvature of the T and L spine
decreasing lung volume
Kyphosis
Humpback
exaggerated posture causing severe back pain and immobility
associated with aging
wheezes
rattling sound in chest
obstructed airway indication
stridor
high pitch
crowing sound (louder in neck)
crackles
popping sound during inhalation
fluid in alveoli
Tachypnea
abnormally fast breathing
Bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
Hyperventilation
rapid deep breathing
hypoventilation
slow deep breathing
Hyperactive bowel sounds
High pitched tinkling sounds that signal increased motility and may indicate bowel obstruction
Hypoactive bowel sounds
inflammation of peritoneum or common after surgery
Abnormal vascular sounds
Bruit can indicate stenosis or occlusion of artery
Abdominal distension
swollen outward
Umbilical hernia
protrusion of omentum through incomplete closure in umbilical lining
Epigastric hernia
fatty nodule at epigastric midline
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Bulged weakened area of the aorta
bruit and femoral pulses present
do not palpate
Apathy
loss of interest
Cerebral palsy
weakness of muscle
Chorea
Involuntary, irregular muscle movements
Eccentric decreasing
manic syndrome/schizophrenia
Parkinson/depression
Flat expression
mask like
Dysphonia
Abnormal pitch/ volume
Dysarthria
Distorted speech= misuse of words
Atrophy
Abnormally small muscle