Prenatal development and birth
Which of the following are examples of polygenic traits?
Eye color
Skin color
Personality
Which stages are included in prenatal development?
Embryonic stage
Germinal stage
Foetal stage
Which of the following are influenced by both genotype and environment?
Phenotype
Polygenic traits
Which characteristics are associated with foetal alcohol syndrome?
Learning difficulties
Physical abnormalities
Hyperactivity
Which of the following are factors that can influence prenatal development?
Maternal diet
Environmental toxins
Smoking
Which organs and systems begin to develop during the embryonic stage?
Heart
Brain
Liver
Skin
Eyes
Which prenatal risk factors can result in abnormalities in prenatal development?
Maternal stress
High maternal age
Teratogens
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Which conditions are associated with low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity?
Respiratory difficulties
Cognitive impairments
Increased risk of intellectual disabilities
Which brain regions undergo rapid growth during the first 3.5 years of life?
Hippocampus
Corpus callosum
Prefrontal cortex
During which stage of prenatal development do major organs and systems NOT begin to develop?
Implantation stage
Conception stage
Which behaviors are characteristic of the foetal stage of prenatal development?
Rapid development
Refinement and growth of basic structures
Distinct patterns of rest and activity
Which factors contribute to problems in prenatal development?
Genetic/chromosomal causes
Environmental toxins
Maternal disease
Which traits are influenced by both genotype and environment?
Eye color
Height
Personality
Which behaviors indicate foetal learning and development?
Distinguishing between familiar and novel stimuli
Organizing rest and activity cycles
Increased heart rate in response to sounds
Which prenatal risks are associated with teratogenic effects?
Smoking
Alcohol consumption
Exposure to environmental toxins
Which study examined the correlation between maternal stress and behavioral difficulties in children?
ALSPAC study
Avon longitudinal study of parental and children
Which research focused on brain development during the prenatal period?
Joan Stiles study
Which study investigated foetal responses to auditory stimuli?
DeCasper & Spence study
Which research examined the developmental consequences of prematurity and low birth weight?
Grunau et al. study
Which study explored the impact of prenatal alcohol consumption on foetal development?
ALSPAC study
Which findings were observed in the ALSPAC study regarding maternal stress and child development?
Increased odds of behavioral and emotional difficulties in children
Inconclusive results
What outcomes were observed in the Joan Stiles study on brain development?
No significant differences observed
What did the Grunau et al. study reveal about the developmental consequences of prematurity and low birth weight?
Increased risk of behavioral difficulties
What were the findings of the DeCasper & Spence study on foetal responses to auditory stimuli?
Foetuses exhibited increased heart rate and head turns in response to familiar sounds
What were the results of the Avon longitudinal study of parental and children regarding prenatal alcohol consumption?
Elevated risk of foetal alcohol syndrome and learning difficulties
Within prenatal development, major organs and systems do NOT begin to develop in this/these stages:
Germinal stage
Foetal stage
Implantation stage
Conception stage
Research investigating prenatal learning has suggested that newborn infants can do what?
Recognise music that they have been exposed to prenatally
Recognise speech patterns within their native language
Recognise their mother's voice
Which of the following is NOT true of Felix's straight hair?
it comes from a dominant gene
he carries a curly hair gene
it is a polygenetic trait
it is a co-dominant trait
Which of the following describes Tamar's genotype?
he has type AB blood
What is the greatest period of vulnerability for all organ systems?
third through seventh weeks of pregnancy
How did DeCasper and Spence (1986) show that babies preferred the familiar story over the unfamiliar story?
Infants adapted their sucking on a dummy to indicate they recognised the text passage read.
Infants would suck more when they heard their mothers voice compared to a stranger's voice.
Prenatal growth is largely a function of:
strongly determined maturational processes
gene expression and regulation
The ALSPAC study demonstrated that maternal stress and depression whilst pregnant was a significant predictor of:
behavioural difficulties in their offspring
emotional difficulties in their offspring
What can mitigate the effects of premature birth?
early intervention
good nutrition
good environmental adaptations